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lysosomes and centrioles are not found in what what kind of cells
Plant
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plants cells have what that animal cells dont
central vacuole, chloroplasts, & rigid cell wall
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Selective permeability is what
when the plasma membrane controls the movement of molecules into and out of cell
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plasma membrane is made of
lipids, proteins, some carbohydrates, phospholipids
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phospholipids have
- 2 fatty acids
- 1 glycerol
- 1 phosphate
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amphipathic is
hydrophilic & hydrophobic
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Phospholipids make up a two- layer sheet called
phospholipid bilayer.
- hydrophobic region faces out
- hydrophilic in. allows cells to exist in watery environment
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the nucleus has
complex proteins and DNA called chromatin( which makes up chromosomes)
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the nuclear envelope is a double membrane that..
it is attached to a network of membranes called..
allows materials to flow in and out.
attached to endoplasmic reticulum.
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ribosomes are involved in the cells..
ribosomes are attached to..
protein synthesis.
ER & associated with nuclear envelope
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the endomembrane system includes
Golgi app., plasma membrane, vacuoles, lysosomes, end. reticulum
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components of the endomembrane system communicate via
vesicles
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smooth ER lacks...
rough ER lines outer surface of..
attached ribosomes
lines the outer surface of membranes
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enzymes made in the smooth ER are involved in the synthesis of...
lipids, oils, phospholipids, and steroids
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rough ER makes more membrane for itself and proteins destined for secretion,,
once proteins are synthesised, they are transported in..
vesicles to other parts
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ER sends product through ____ to golgi apparatus
transport vesicles
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A lysosome is a membrane sack containing..
digestive enzymes produced by the ER and sent to golgi app.
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a lysosome does what
it removes and recycles damaged parts of a cell
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vacuoles are membraneous sacs that are found in many cells that...
perform a variety of functions: pigment, to expel water..
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cellular respiration (conversion of glucose and lipids/ food to ATP) happens where
mitochondria of eukaryotic cell
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photosynthesising organelles of plants
chloroplasts
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what are the parts of a chloroplast?
thylakoids, grana, stroma
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what 3 kinds of fibers make up the cytoskeleton
microfilaments- shape and motility
intermediate- shape and anchor organelles
mictrotubules- shape & act as track for motor protein
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cillia & flagella are made of mictrotubules wrapped in plasma membrane..and move by
bending motor proteins called dynein arms
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when cells synthesize they secret..
ECM -- composed of fibers of collagen
ECM attaches through proteins
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What cell has a rigid wall
plant
( plant cells have junction called plasmodesmata to serve as cell communication)
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cells communicate through junctions
- tight junc.- prevent leakage
- anchoring- fasten cells together into sheets
- gap- channels that allow molecules to flow between cells
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phospholipids and proteins make up what
membranes/ fluid mosaic
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phospholipids (unsaturated fatty acids) have kinks because they prevent them from
packing tightly together, keeping them liquid
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cholesterol helps _____ keep liquid/ permeable wedged into the bilayer.
phospholipids
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3 substances that move through lipid protein of membrane
- 1- oxygen
- 2- carbon dioxide
- 3- only hydrophobic mole.
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Integrins attach to the _________, and the membrane/ cytoskeleton because they
extracellular matrix
create stronger framework (they are proteins w/strength)
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Glycoproteins in the membrane have the purpose as
identification tags
(carbohydrates from the extra cell matrix involved)
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membranes exhibit selective permeability.
nonpolar molecules ...
polar molecules ...
Chemical facilitators!!
nonpolar (carbon dioxide & oxygen)- cross easily
polar (glucose & sugars)- do not cross easy
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What spontaneously assembles into simple membranes
Phospholipids
(formation of a membrane was a critical step in evolution)
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Movement from high to low concentrations
diffusion
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passive transport is when ___ energy is required
NO
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OSMOSIS
water from high to low
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isotonic
concentration of solute same on both sides
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tonicity
ability of a solution to cause a cell to lose/ gain water. Quantity of solute
dependent on the concentration of a non penetrating solute on both sides of membrane
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higher concentration of solute in cell
( less solute, more water)
hypotonic
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concentration of solute higher outside cell
( more solute, less water)
hypertonic
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plasmolyzed
membrane shriveled/ decreases
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Active transport
the mechanism for moving a solute against its concentration gradient ~ requires ATP energy ~~ it alters shape of membrane protein through phosphorylation using ATP.
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energy processing happens in the ______ of the animal cell and the ____________ in the plant cell.
mitochondria
chloroplasts
ATP (adenosine), triphosphate-- occur in these organs
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