Western civ exam 2

Great traders that developed a rich cultural life that became the foundation of civilization throughout italy.

two sets of wars between Rome and Carthage

-the first punic war Rome was victorius after 23 years of fighting.

-the second punic war Carthage was led by Hannibal and a roman victory meant that the western mediterranean would be Romes.

an alliance among caeser, crassus, and pompey in which they agreed to advance one anothers interests.

a pact between Augustus and two of Caesar's lieutenants, Marc Antony and Lepidus; together they hunted down and defeated Caesr's murders

He recieved superb education and was a great orator, a military genious, and a successful leader

made himself dictator, survived and became first emporer of Rome.

they are nobles, and only patricians could be senates, magistrates, generals, interpret law, and ratify laws.

they were the commoners

anyone that did not speak greek and were unruly,savage, and primitive.

came up through the army and ruled from the east and had authority over the entire empire, established a new capital for the empire and named it new rome and it was soon called constantinople, and also made christianity tolerable.

Emporer in 380 he made Nicene Christianity the official religion of the empire.

One of the Roman emporers

willing to die for ones religious beliefs.

extreme material sacrafice, including fasting and the renunciation of sex.

Benedicts guide for Monastic life, came to influence all forms of organized religious life in the Western Christian Church.

the Roman period of peace,security, order, flourishing culture, and expanding economy during the first and second centuries

The Visigothic king Alaric I invaded italy and sacked rome in 410 in response to the Romans massacring thousand of its allies.

Romans buying up land to create huge estates.

withdrawing from cities and sociey to seek God.

any crime that involved a personal injury, such as assult, rape, and murder, was given a particular monterary value.

A War band of young men in a barbarian tribe who were closely associated with the king, swore loyalty to him, and fought with him in battle

the capital for the byzantanium empire

Eastern Christian Church in the Byzantine Empire

a theological belief that originated with arius, a priest of alexandria, denying that christ was divine and coeternal with God the Father.

the denial of the basic doctrine of faith

the story of the Rape of Lucretia was a compelling story becasuse it truly highlighted the importance of honor to the Roman people. in this story Sexitus went into Lucretious room and he put a knife to her and said he would kill her if she made a sound. this did not seem to be enough to convince her so then he brought to her the idea that he would rape her, kill her and put a dead slave next to her. this would bring great dishonor to her family. he raped her and left and she sent word to her husband and father. after she told them what happened she stabbed herself in the heart becasue she couldn live with the grief.

Tiberius Gaius recognized the plight of Romes peasant farmers and he was dedicated to finding a solution to the problems of the verterans and the poor. he introduced a land bill in the concillium plebis without consulting the senate. manu powerful Romans became suspicious of his growing power and he was killed by a large group of senators, led by the pontifus maximus.Marius and Sulla both were members of the consul. Marius anually held the consulship putting unprecedented power into a Roman commanders hands. sulla marched on rome and restored order there, and proclaimed himself dictator and launched many political and judicial reforms increasing the number of magistrates.

there were many theological disputes that dealt with the nature of christ and it divided the christian community. councils were then held to hold together the faith and establish different rules for them to keep christianity alive and stable. with the Nicene Creed it helped keep christianity and the idea of there being three Gods in one alive.

Diocletian realized that empire had become too great for one man to handle so he divided it into two halfs. i dont feel that rome actually fell. if it would of continued to be ran by just one man, it would of eventually became to much for him and collapsed. it was better to divide the power in the way that they did

paul of Tarus was the catalyst for the spread of christianity. when the teachings of christ spread to rome, it became more universal as jesus had wanted it to be. since the roads of rome spread out vastly through the world that helped christianity move about vastly as well. Justin Martyr eventually established a christian school in rome to teach the similarities between christians, jews, and pagans.