biology lab

what kind of species reproduce sexually

three types of asexual reproduction

4 benefits of asexual reproduction

three benefits of sexual reproduction

a form of sexual reproduction in which growth and dvelopment of embryo occurs without fertilization

aphid life cycle reproduction depends on season which seasons coincide with what reproduction type

spring and summer aphids differences between fall 3

fall aphids difference between spring and summer 2

two or more embryos develop from a single fertilized egg

type of organism that undergo polyembryony

how do many invertebrates reproduce asexually

break of the body into pieces in which develop into adults

fragmentation is accompanied by

polyp and medusa form difference

type of life cycle in which the embryo develops directly into a form that looks like the adult

life cycle in which the larva doesnt resemble the adult form

simple life cycle order 4

complex life cycle order 5

two types of complex life cycles that insects have

the hard exoskeleton forces insects to molt and grow bigger

two characteristics of hemimetabolous life cycles

half change life cycle

complete change life cycle

larva, pupa, winged adult life cycle

embryo develops in egg outside parent

embryo develops inside parent

embryo develops inside parent

receives nutrition from yolk

recieves more nutrition than just yolk

only receives nutrition from yolk

example sea stars and sea urchins

example crustaceans and bugs

examples of snails, slugs, squids, and octopus

example jellies, hydra, corals, and anemones

example marine and terrestrial worms

example round worms

example of flat worms

endoderm consists of

ectoderm consists of

mesoderm consists of the

endoderm layer consists of these three cells

ectoderm layer consists of these three cells

mesoderm layer consists of these five cells

a zygote in sexual reproduction undergoes rapid cell division called

the cleavage leads to the formation of

the blastula undergoes _____ forming a _____

the gastrula tissues differentiate into three layers

when the blastopore during gastrulation it connects the

protosome occurs in what kind of class 3

deuterotome occurs in what kind of class 2

germ layer that covers the embyros surface and becomes skin and central NS

middle layer that becomes skeletal tissue, muscles, organs

the innermost germ layer in which becomes the linning of the organs and other tissues

diploblastic germ layers
which is this found
triploblastic germ layers
which is this found

grouping of body parts into discrete segments
example organism

animals head is the grouping of sensory organs, feeding organs, and center or neural intergration

a group of segments organized into functional units

example of tagmosis

many triploblastic organisms posses a body cavity

a true body cavity is called _____ and is derived from _____

three functions of coelom

what lines the coelom and where does it liner

coelomate example

pseudocoelomate example

is a body cavity derived from the mesoderm and endoderm

triploblastic animals that lack a body cavity

acoelomate example

a fluid filled cavity surrounded by muscles that contract in an antagonistic manner

2 muscles of the hss

three functions of the hss

what two kinds of animals have hss

what four classes have hss

three features of cnidarian anemone

4 features of the platyhelminthes

4 features of nematodes

4 features of annelids

another type of segmented worm that have brsitles on their segments

bristles on the polychaeta are called

segments of the polychaeta are called

two characteristics of the wvs

what two kinds of classes have wvs

two features of echinoderms

two features of molluscus

blood mix

phylum that has a hard calcium shell

the two most diverse phylum

experience adaptive radiation

adaptive radiation

6 important features of the mollusc body plan

mollusc muscle used for crawling, swimming, gripping, or burrowing

in shelled molluscs, dorsal tissue overlying the visceral mass

the main part of the mollusc that contains the internal organs

gills in molluscs used for respiration in aquatic molluscs

used for scraping and feeding in a molluscs

is a converey belt of teeth that scrapes to feed off algae

udergoes torsion when developing

visceral mass rotates 180 deg to one side during development, such that the anus is situated more or less above the head

4 classes of molluscs

example of polyplacophora

primitive mollusc

shell plates of chitons are surrounded by a structure known as

modified mantle around the edge of the shell

four features of polyplacophora

3 features of the class bivalvia

as class bivalvia evolved it lost

how does class bivalvia stabilize itself

mussels anchors themselves by fibrous threads known as

three features of the oysters

three features of scallops

largest and most diverse group of molluscs due to adaptive radiation

most significant modification of gastropoda is

muscular foot on gastropods function as

example of prosobranchia

unique structure of the prosobranchia

4 features of the prosobranchia

4 features of the abalone

three functions of abalone holes on the edge of the shell

2 features of the nudibrachs

are grazing carnivores and cannibals

example of opisthobranchia

examples of pulmonata

due to evolution of land snails and slugs they have lost

unique structure of pulmonata land snails

feature of the subclass pulmonata

have color changing pigments and ink sacs and agile swimming abilities to escape predators

cephalopoda have _____ but use _____to tear their prey

pushes head down toward foot

two features of class cephalopoda

how do cephalopoda swim

fins of the squid function

how do squid grab their prey

how do squid move back and forth

the shell of the squid is known as

what two animals have 8 arms and 2 tentacles

the shell of the cuttlebone aids in

two features of cuttle fish

because an ocotopus has no shell, what is it able to do

5 features of arthropods

three types of material exoskeletons of arthropods have

fusion of segments into different body regions such as head thorax and abdomen

legs on segments of head become specialized for feeding and sensing the environment

two types of legs

leg branches into two segments and each branch consists of a series of segments attached end to end

a single series of segments attached end to end

chelicerae and pedipalps function 3

chelicerae and pedipalps are found in

name of first two appendages of myriapoda, crustacae, and hexapoda

trilobita example

cheliceriformes example

myriapoda exmaples

crustacae example

hexapoda example

two phylum closely related to arthropoda

how are tardigrada and onychophora similar to arthropoda 4

how are tardigrada and onychophora different to arthropoda 2

tardigrada example
onychophora example

4 characteristics of trilobita (extinct)

3 features of cheliceriformes

two segments of the cheliceriformes

6 pairs of appendages of cheliferiformes consists of

leg appendage cheliceriformes

4 features of myriapoda

myriapoda
carnivore and herbivore

5 features of crustacae

6 features of hexapodas

three well defined segments of hexapoda

a group of organisms that can be studied winthin a site to determine the overall health and functiong of a habitat

6 synapomorphies of insecta

3 pairs of walking legs of insecta have 3 functions

a living fossil

body is long wingless with a pair of antennae

at the end of bristletail abdomen they have two structues

cerci of bristle tails function

ptera meaning

3 reasons why flight is the key to great success of insects

4 characteristics of all chordates

long flexible rod of mesoderm found in all chordates

ectodermal tissue that forms a spinal cord

muscle and skeletal elements that provide propulsive forces

suspension feeding device in invertibrate

gas exchange in aquatic vertebrates

jaws and hearing in other vertebrates in chordates

function of notochord

main structural support for the lowest chordates and is only present in the embryo of high chordates

the cartilaginous disks between each of your vertebrate are remnants of

develops into the cNS in chordates

function of post anal tail of chordates

in terrestrial vertebrates the pharyngeal slits developed into these 3

in earlier chordates the pharynx was known as

3 subphyla of chordata

sea squirts and tunicates are example of

considered to be the first chordates of evolution

those a part of this subphylum lose their nerve cord, notochord, slits, and tail to become stationary filter feeders

urochordata organism retain the structures they normally loose when they become an adult

lacelet example of

marine suspenion feeder that retain characteristics of the chordate body plan as adults

these two replace the notochord as the primary support for the body of craniates

all craniates have a head but not all craniates have a backbone

advantage of having a head in chordates feeding

4 characteristics craniates share

5 characteristics of hagfish

are craniates but not true vertebrates of the class myxinia

tie themselves into a not to rip the flesh off their prey

3 derived characters of vertebrates

class petromyzintida example

three charactersitics of lampreys

mouth is toothed and funnel like

non mineralized skeleton

how to jaws develop for gnathostomes

3 charactersitics to gnathostomes

this class has
jawed fished
paired fins
skeletons made of cartilage

how to sharks and rays help with their buoyancy because they dont have a swim bladder

all of those in this type of class have a bony endoskeleton

fishes control their buoyancy by an air sac known as _______ derived from a ______

ray finned and lobe finned fish belong to what class

the skeletal support for their fins is inside their body wall
what class is this?

2 derived characters of tetrapods

tetrapods are gnathastomes with limbs and feet

only class of vertebrates that does not have an amniotic egg

why do amphibians have moist skin

why does amphibian mean two lives

the three extraembryonic membranes

animals with amniotic eggs belong to what clade

reason for amniotic egg

5 reasons for shellof amniotes

reptiles have shells that function as

reptiles live in water however they are born in shells on land

5 derived characters of mammals

echidnas and platypus are examples of

small group of egg laying mammals

are the only mammals that lay eggs

opossums, kangaroos, and koalas are example of

marsupials completes its embryonic development while nuring in a materal pounch called

young eutherians complete their embryonic development within a

placenta serves as a source of these 3

eutherians have a longer period of pregnancy