APSYCH Unit 7B

• 1. tend to give a casual explanation for someone's behavior 
• 2. how people assign responsibility to certain outcomes

• 1. focused on people 
• 2. behavior is a result of innate personality trait

1. cause of the behavior is the result of the situation/environment they're in

• 1. consistency: how similarly individual acts in same situation overtime 
• 2. distinctiveness: how similar this particular situation to others 
• 3. consensus: how others have responded to same situation

• 1. analyzing another's behavior tendency to underestimate the impact of the situation
• 2. overestimate the impact of personal disposition

• 1. think of ourselves favorably 
• 2. + blame disposition 
• 3. - blame situational

1. when expectations of a person influence their  behavior

• 1. ripe for intellectual progress
• 2. when children are expected to achieve, they do so

• 1. belief and feeling that allows one to respond in a particular way to objects, people and events 
• 2. have a strong impact when outside influence and what we do are minimal; attitude is specifically relevant to behavior; keenly aware of our attitudes
• 3. combonation of affective and cognitive reactions to external stimuli

• 1. relationships with attitudes is not perfect 
• 2. 1934

1. a process by which a person/group can influence attitude to others

1. repealed exposure to new stimulus enhances liking to experience

• 1. fear, people who have position of authority 
• 2. people who appear to be experts 
• 3. good motive 
• 4. person is interpersonal 
• 5. attractiveness/likeable/trustworthy

1. agree to request of others even in the expense of own interests

• 1. tendency for people who have agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request 
• ex: salesmen

1. tendency for a person after refusing large request, comply with smaller more reasonable request

• 1. discomfort we feel when actions conflict with reduce experience/belief
• 2. attitudes more in line with actions 
• 3. problem with compliance

• 1. adjusting one's behavior to agree with a group standard 
• 2. not sure about judgements, people adjust to group std.

• 1. under certain conditions will conform to certain situations 
• 2. lines

• 1. conformity 
• 2. gain approval/avoid approval

1. willingness to accept others' opinions about reality

• 1. group size - 3 or more 
• 2. make people conform 
• 3. cohesiveness

• 1. obedience study: doing the thing of an authority figure, whether you like it or not 
• 2. demonstrates social influence can be strong enough to falsehoods of capitulate to cruelty 
• 3. 2/3 got to 450 volt mark

1. when people interact with each other

• 1. idea that in presence of observers, increase of performance or task when performed in front of others 
• ex: dancing

• 1. in presence of others, you do worse 
• ex: not good in public speaking

1. people in a group to exert less effort toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable

• 1. loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations 
• 2. when the group experience arouses people and make them feel anonymous

enhancement of a group's prevailing attitude through discussion within the group

1. tendency for some groups to make bad decisions

1. people criticize members who don't agree with group and eventually convinces that way

1. behavior that is harmful to society and others

1. neg. attitude toward a group and its members without evident backing

• 1. generalized belief about a group of people 
• 2. lead to prejudice

• 1. "us" - accepted
• 2. "them" - outside of group

• 1. prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame 
• 2. despised outgroups boost ingroup esteem

• 1. seeing a relationship between there's two theories that isn't there 
• 2. makes people blind to good things 
• ex: ethnic groups commit crimes

• 1. w- set goal 
• 2. c- expose groups with stereotypes to each other

• 1. tendency to believe the world is just 
• 2. that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get 
• "how they see the world"

• 1. any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy 
• 2. behavior directed towards another with intention of harm

• 1. emotional and impulsive
• 2. induced by stress and pain 
• 3. no point

1. aggression committed to gain something of value

• 1. genetic evidence
• 2. biochemically certain areas of brain 
• 3. hormones 
• 4. physical pain 
• 5. personal insults 
• 6. competition

• 1. block of attempt to achieve some goal - creates anger 
• 2. role models acting aggressively/diff. cultures

• 1. one's own partner less attractive 
• 2. women's friendliness more sexual

1. viewing victims of violence as less human

• 1. when we find ourselves in new situations and uncertain how to act, rely on certain scripts provided by culture 
• 2. society influence

• 1. situation in which the conflicting parties 
• 2. caught in mutually destructive behavior as they pursue their own ends

• 1. proximity (factor influences liking for another) 
• 2. physical attractive 
• 3. similarity of attitudes and interests 
• 4. reciprocal liking

1. intense positive absorption in another

1. deep affectionate we feel

1. condition in which people receive in proportion to what they give to it

1. revealing intimate aspects of one-self to other

1. unselfish regard for welfare of others

• 1. emergency for any given bystander to less likely give aid within other bystanders/extreme social loafing
• - presence of others inhibits one's noticing the event 
• - interpreting emergency 
• - assuming responsibility for helping

1. larger number of people who witness emergency situation, less likely anyone is to interfere or help

• 1. appropriate behavior  on how to act in an emergency is looked to others
• 2. if no one is worried, no action taken

1. in the 60's, woman murdered in front of 38 peope

1. underlying behavior including helping is the desire to max. benefits and min. our costs