Politica 1

meeting that party members attend to decide policies and change candidates to run for office

• is a group of members of the United States
• Congress that meets to pursue common legislative objectives

• refers to the review, monitoring, and supervision of federal
• agencies, programs, activities, and policy implementation.

• A provision attached to a bill- to which it may or
• may not be related- in order to secure its passage or defeat.

• Vote that prevents a proposed action from occurring or being
• completed.

• unnecessary government expenditures that were allocated for
• political reasons.

• bring home the bacon; special projects or
• appropiations that are intended to benefit members district or state.

• the judiciary of the United States which is
• responsible for interpreting and enforcing federal laws

an agency that administers civil services, laws, rules, and regulations.

Appointed by the president and approved by the senate.

The list of potential cases that reach the Supreme Court.

In criminal action the person or party accused of an offense

The party initiating a civil lawsuit.

leader of the party with most members

leader of party with 2nd most members

ensure party discipline in a legislature; communicate between majority and minority leader

strategy to present bill from being voted in

3/5 vote that quickly ends a debate in Senate

permanent committee in a legislature usually focusing on a policy area. Most durable committee; source of most bills.

appointed committee for special function that is beyond authority

committee with membership from both houses of congress

committees appointed by house and senate to resolve a bill

bill introduced, committees hearing votes, floor nation debate House and Senate, president signs bill.

435 members

100 members

indirect veto by President in retaining an unsigned bill for 10 days causing it to die.

2/3 vote in the House and Senate

2 or more legislators that agree to trade votes on a bill

government benefits for local constituency

• General Accounting
• Office: GAO, the largest; monitors how agency spends money

• Congressional Budget Office: CBO,
• newest

•  Congressional Research Service: CRS,
• oldest; provides research, analysis and information for Congress

by a government attorney that the defendant committed a misdemeanor.

agreement to take a lower charge to do less time

Enact Legislation

Senate: "leadership" 


 House: Rules committee

California

lawmaking

organization of non-elected officials who implement the rules, laws and function of constitution

Process of putting new policies into practice

• 1. Cabinet
• Departments

• 2. Independent
• Executive Agency: CIA, NASA

• 3. Independent
• Regulating Agency: EPA, FEC, SEC

• 4. Government
• Corporations: Postal Service, PBS

5. Presidential Commissions

government service in which employees are employed by merit system and exams

process of hiring government employees based in ability to perform a job

• president/political official fills government positions with
• his choosing

federal law that prohibits employees in executive branch from engaging in partisan politics (1939)

*the cant elect a party

deals with rules, contains most routine publications and public notices of government agencies

(list of rules and the official record of the federal bureaucracy)

1983 based on Merit System and made Civil System

Public funds are given to people because they need it and they meet requirements (Medicare, Social Security)

Judicial branch can review actions of legislative and executive branches

crime against public order

legal rights between individuals

dispute out of a central case that can be settled by legal methods

9

empowered how an appeal of a trial (circuit) court of tribunal

(Trial Courts) average general trial courts; TDC, 678 judges

court that hears case for the first time (trial)

power of Supreme Court to review and change decisions of lower courts

rule established in previous case to decide similar cases

*decision made by higher courts that is binding on all other federal courts.

court order requiring an explanation of why a prisioner is held in custody.



not having sufficient evidence leading to release the prisoner

a formal writ used to bring a case before the supreme court.

someone involved in a case to assist a court in deciding

gives verdict and explains reasons for decision

judge disagrees with majority and decision

 judge agrees with the majority but differs in the reason.

determines whether a criminal indictment will be issued

most common type of jury, citizens brought together to listen to evidence presented by prosecution and defense

First woman Senator (1980 Reagan)

John Roberts, Republican

are Generalists

are Specialists

Senate confirms judges appointed by president

1. Presidential Appointee

2. Civil Service

3. Senior Executive Service

1.Interest groups

2.Congressional committees

3. Sub-committees

4. Their expert knowledge

• 5.The backing up of the president and
• congress

• 6. The support of the interests that
• benefit from the agency’s program.