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DEFINE BIOLOGICAL WARFARE AGENTS:
- INFECTIOUS AGENTS (PATHOGENS)
- TOXINS
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PROHIBITS:
- OFFENSIVE RESEARCH
- STOCKPILING AGENTS
- DEVELOPMENT OF WEAPONS SYSTEM
- USE UNDER ANY CONDITIONS
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ALLOWS:
- DEFENSIVE RESEARCH
- STOCKPILING OF ANTIDOTES
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AEROSOL
FINELY DIVIDED PARTICLES OF LIQUIDS OR SOLIDS THAT ARE SUSPENDED IN AIR, AND WHICH BEHAVE AS A GAS.
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NATURAL INORGANIC
DUST, SMOKE, SEA SALT
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NATURAL ORGANIC
POLLEN, SPORES
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PERCUTANEOUS:
AN AGENT THAT CAN ENTER THE BODY THROUGH UNBROKEN SKIN OR INJURE THE SKIN DIRECTLY. (SKIN HAZARD)
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VOLATILITY:
MEASURE OF HOW READILY AN AGENT EVAPORATES.
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COMMUNICABILITY:
THE ABLITY OF A PATHOGEN TO BE TRANSFERRED FROM ONE INDIVIDUAL TO ANOTHER WITHIN A TARGET POPULATION.
ie... AEROSOL; (COUGHING, SNEEZING, BREATHING) DIRECT CONTACT, CONTAMINATION OF FOOD SUPPLIES, TRANSMISSIONS BY VECTORS.
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INCUBATION PERIOD:
THE PERIOD OF TIME REQUIRED FOR THE PATHOGENS TO ESTABLISH THEMSELVES IN THE BODY OF THE HOST AND TO PRODUCE DISEASE SYMPTOMS.
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PERSISTENCY:
THE ABILITY OF INFECTIOUS AGENTS TO LIVE AND REMAIN A HAZARD IN THE ENVIRONMENT. (HOW LONG THE AGENT CAN STAY AND STILL AFFECT PEOPLE)
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PERVASIVENESS
THE ABILITY OF INFECTIOUS AGENTS TO PERMEATE (PENETRATE) AND REMAIN PRESENT THROUGHOUT AN AREA OR A POPULATION DUE TO THEIR SMALL SIZE.
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VIRULENCE:
THE RELATIVE ABILITY OF INFECTIOUS AGENTS TO PRODUCE DISEASE. (THE MROE VIRAL, THE MORE DEADLY BECAUSE THERE WILL BE SHORTER INCUBATION TIME AND MORE PERVASIVE.)
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QUARANTINE:
THE SEPARATION OF A POTENTIALLY EXPOSED GROUP IN ORDER TO LIMIT THE AREA OF EXPOSURE OF AN INFECTIOUS AGENT.
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INFECTIOUS BIOLOGICAL AGENTS METHODS OF DISSEMINATION:
- VECTORS
- COMMUNICABILITY
- SPRAY GENERATORS
- COVERT OPERATION
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RICKETTSIAE:
- SINGLE CELLED PARASITE (REQUIRES A LIVING HOST)
- TRANSMITTED BY VECTORS
- (ROCKY MOUNTAIN SPOTTED FEVER)
- (TYPHUS)
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PLAGUE (YERSINIA PESTIS)
- BACTERIUM CARRIED BY FLEAS ( RODENTS)
- PNEUMONIC FORM, POTENTIAL FOR SPREAD BY DROPLETS
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CUTANEOUS ANTHRAX:
USUALLY OCCURS AFTER SKIN CONTACT WITH CONTAMINATED MEAT, WOOL, HIDES, OR LEATHER FROM INFECTED ANIMALS.
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INFECTIOUS BIOLOGICAL AGENTS DEFENSE
- ACTIVE DEFENSE
- -REQUIRES ACCURATE INTELLIGENCE
- -AVOID POSSIBLE ATTACK AREAS
- -PRE-EMPTIVE STRIKE
- PASSIVE DEFENSE ACTIONS
- -BEFORE THE ATTACK
- -DURING THE ATTACK
- -AFTER THE ATTACK
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BEFORE THE ATTACK:
- DCA WOKS WITH THE XO
- PERSONAL HYGIENE
- AREA SANITATION
- DCA WORKS WITH XO AND MEDICAL
- IMMUNIZATIONS UP TO DATE
- VACCINES/ ANTIDOTES NOT EXPIRED
- TRAINING
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DURING THE ATTACK:
- DON INDIVIDUAL PROTECTION
- MASK
- JSLIST (JOINT SERVICE LIGHT WEIGHT INTEGRATED SUIT TECHNOLOGY) MAY NOT BE REQUIRED.
- SHIPBOARD PROTECTIVE MEASURESAVOIDANCE
- CIRCLE WILLIAM
- COUNTER MEASURE WASHDOWN SYSTEM (CMWD)
- COLLECTIVE PROTECTIVE SYSTEM (CPS)
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AFTER THE ATTACK:
- DECONTAMINATE PERSONNEL (SHOWERS)
- DECONTAMINATE THE SHIP
- HTH (PRIMARY)
- SOAP AND WATER (SECONDARY)
- DECONTAMINATE FOD
- PREPARED (DISCARD)
- UNOPENED (IF POSSIBLE)
- DECONTAMINATE WATER
- QUARANTINE POTENTIALLY EXPOSED PERSONNEL
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INFECTIOUS BIOLOGICAL AGENTS SUMMARY
- INFECTIOUS AGENTS
- BACTERIA, RICKETTSIAE, VIRUS, FUNGI
- EMPLOYMENT ROLES (strategic)
- ANTI PERSONNEL/ PLANT/ ANIMAL
- DISSEMINATION MODES
- SPRAY TANKS
- VECTORS
- COVERT OPERATIONS
- COMMUNICABILITY
- PROTECTION
- ACTIVE
- PASSIVE
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WHAT ARE FOUR (4) TYPES OF INFECTIOUS BIOLOGICAL AGENTS?
- BACTERIA
- RICKETTSIAE
- VIRUS
- FUNGI
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WHAT ARE THE DISSEMINATION METHODS USED FOR INFECTIOUS BIOLOGICAL AGENTS?
- SPRAY TANKS
- VECTORS
- COVERT OPERATIONS
- COMMUNICABILITY
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HOW CAN SHIPBOARD PERSONNEL PROTECT THEMSELVES FROM INFECTIOUS BIOLOGICAL AGENTS?
- GAS MASK
- AVOID
- CPS AND VACCINATIONS
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WHAT IS HYDROLYSIS?
THE BREAKDOWN OF THE CHEMICAL AGENT BY THE MIXTURE OF WATER.
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WHAT IS DETOXIFICATION?
THE RATE AT WHICH THE HUMAN BODY IS ABLE TO DETOXIFY SOME AGENTS; IF THE BODY CAN DETOXIFY, THE RATE CAN RANGE FROM MINUTES TO MONTHS.
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WHAT IS PERSISTENCY?
THE ABILITY OF INFECTIOUS AGENTS TO LIVE AND REMAIN A HAZARD IN THE ENVIRONMENT.
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WHAT IS Concentration?
- the amount of agent present after an attack or can be measured by amount
- required to be lethal to 50 percent of the poulation
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WHAT IS Percutaneous?
the agents ability to be absorbed through the skin.
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WHAT IS Micro-pulverization?
a solid agent ground up to super fine powder capable of aerosol dissemination.
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WHAT IS Viscosity?
the property of a fluid thatresists the force tending to cause the fluid to flow. (thehigher the viscosity, the slower it flows)
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WHAT IS Casualty Agent?
they are designed to kill or injure personnel
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what is Incapacitating Agent?
it is designed to temporarily disable personnel and do not create permanent injury.
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what is Volatility?
measure of how readily an agent evaporates
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what are four (4) types of casualty causing agents?
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A solid/thick liquid chemical agent has what persistency?
less persistent (>24 hours)
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what persistency does a liquid gas have?
more/greater persistent (<24 hours)
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what are two (2) nerve agent series?
- G series (GB- us & GD- russian)
- V series (VX-us & VR-55 russian)
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Name three (3) types of blister agents?
- Mustards
- Arsenicals
- Urticants
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Skin flushing red, dizziness, headache, increased pulse rate are all symptoms of what?
Blood Agents
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what NSTM talks about CBR?
NSTM 470
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what are three (3) chemical detection and identification categories?
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what is point detection?
- to identify the physical arrival of chemical agents at a designated location.
- (IPDS and M-9 paper)
- (M-8 and M256-A1)
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what is IPDS?
Improved Point Detection System
Provides real time response to low concentrations of G series nerve agents and H series blister agents.
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M-9 point detection paper test for?
- the presence liquid nerve agents
- (G&V Series and (H&L) agents
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M-8 detection monitoring paper test for?
Identifies liquid agents Blister Agents (H & L) Nerve (G and V series)
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How many people are on a Chemical
Detection Survey and Monitoring Team, and who are they?
- Four (4)
- Team Leader
- Two (2) samplers
- Messenger/ marker
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Chemical Surveys
- •Periodic Monitoring (Point Detection)
- –Prior/During attack (M8/M9, IPDS)
- •On-Station Monitoring
- –During attack (M256A1/M8)
- •Rapid Internal Survey
- –After attack (M256A1)
- •Rapid External Survey
- –After RIS (M8)
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Gas Hazard Marking
- upside down triangle
- yellow w/ red writing
- agent, date & time
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Biological Hazard Marking Sign
- upside down triangle
- blue w/ red writing
- agent, date & time
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Radiological Hazard Marking
- upside down triangle
- white w/ black writing
- agent, date & time
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IPDS can test for what two (2) agents, and in what form?
- Nerve & Blister
- Vapor form
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M-8 paper can test for what two (2) agents, in what form?
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M-9 Paper can test for what two (2) agents, in what form?
- Nerve & Blister
- Liquid form
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M256-A1 can test for what three (3) types of agents, in what form?
- Nerve, Blister & Blood
- Vapor form
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