-
-Abdominal Pain
-Ascites
-Hepatomegaly
- Budd-Chiari Syndrome
- (Post-hepatic venous thrombosis)
-
Achilles tendon xanthoma
- Familial Hypercholesterolemia
- (↓ LDLR signaling)
-
-Adrenal Hemorrhage
-hypotension
-DIC
- Waterhouse-Friderichesen Syndrome
- (Meningococemia)
-
-Arachnodactyly
-Lens dislocation
-Aortic Dissection
-Hyperflexible joints
- Marfan's Syndrome
- (fibrillin defect)
-
-athlete with polycythemia
Secondary to EPO injection
-
-back pain
-fever
-night sweats
-weight loss
- Pott's Disease
- (vertebral TB)
-
-billateral hilar adenopathy
-uveitis
Sarcoidoisis
-
-blue sclera
- Osteogenesis Imperfectica
- (type I collagen defect)
-
-bluish line on gingiva
- Burton's line
- (lead poisoning)
-
-bone pain
-bone enlargement
-arthritis
- Paget's disease of bone
- (increase osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity)
-
-bounding pulses
-diastolic heart murmur
-head bobbing
Aortic Regurgitation
-
-butterfly facial rash
-raynaud's phenomenon
-in young female
SLE
-
-cafe-au-lait spots
-lisch nodules (iris hamartomas)
- NF1
- +pheochromocytoma
- +optic gliomas
-
-cafe-au-lait spots
-polyostotic fibrous dysplasia
-precocious puberty
-multiple endocrine abnormalities
- McCune-Albright Syndrome
- (mosaic G protein signaling mutation)
-
-calf pseudohypertrophy
- Muscular dystrophy (most commonly Duchenne's)
- -Xlinked recessive deletion of dystrophin
-
-Cherry red spot on macula
- Tay Sachs
- Neimann Pick
- Central retinal artery occlusion
-
-chest pain on exertion
- Angina
- -stable (with exercise)
- -unstable (with minimal exertion)
-
-chest pain
-pericardial effusion/friction rub
-persistent fever
-following MI (1-12 weeks)
Dressler's syndrome
-
-child uses arms to stand up from squat
Duchenne's (Gower's sign)
-
-child with fever develops red rash on fever that spreads to body
- Parvo B19 → Erythema Infectiousum/Fifth disease
- "slapped cheeks"
-
-chorea
-dementia
-caudate degeneration
Huntington's Disease
-
-chronic exercise intolerance
-myalgia
-fatigue
-painful cramps
-myoglobinuria
- McArdle's Disease
- (muscle glyocgen phosphorylase deficiency)
-
-Cold intolerance
Hypothyroidism
-
-conjugate lateral gaze palsy
-horizontal diplopia
- Internuclear ophthalmoplegia (damage to MLF)
- -bilateral: MS
- -unilateral: stroke
-
-continuous "machinery" heart murmur
- PDA
- -close with indomethacin
- -open or maintain misoprostol
-
-cutaneous/dermal edema
-due to connective tissue deposition
- Myxedema
- -hypothyroidism
- -Graves (pretibial)
-
-dark purple skin/mouth nodules
- Kaposi's sarcoma (AIDS patients)
- -HHV8
-
-deep labored breathing/hyperventilation
Kussmaul breathing (DKA)
-
-dermatitis
-dementia
-diarrhea
- Pellegra
- (niacin deficiency)
-
-dilated cardiomyopathy
-edema
-alcoholism or malnutrition
Wet Beriberi (thiamin deficiency)
-
-dog or cat bite resulting in infection
- Pasteurella multocida
- (cellulitis at inoculation site)
-
-dry eyes
-dry mouth
-arthritis
- Sjorgern's syndrome
- (autoimmune destruction of exocrine glands)
-
-dysphagia (esophageal web)
-glossitis
-iron deficiency anemia
- Plummer-Vinson Syndrome
- (may progress to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma)
-
-elastic skin
-hypermobility of joints
- Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome
- (Type III collagen defects)
-
-enlarged, hard left supraclavicular nodule
- Virchow's Node
- (abdominal metastasis)
-
-erythroderma
-lymphadenopathy
-hepatosplenomegaly
-atypical T cells
- Sezary Syndrome (cutaneous T cell lymphoma)
- Mycosis Fungoides
-
-facial muscle spasm upon tapping
Chvostek's sign (hypocalcemia)
-
-fat
-female
-forty
-fertile
Cholelithiasis (gallstones)
-
-fever
-chills
-HA
-myalgia
-following abx tx for syphilis
- Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction
- (rapid lysis of spirochetes results in toxin release)
-
-fever
-cough
-conjunctivitis
-coryza (sx of a cold)
-diffuse rash
Measles (Morbillivirus)
-
-fever
-night sweats
-weight loss
B symptoms of lymphoma
-
-fibrous plaques in soft tissue of penis
Peyronie's disease
-
-gout
-mental retardation
-self-mutilating behaviour
-in a boy
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (HGPRT deficiency)
-
-green-yellow rings around peripheral cornea
Kayser-Fleischer rings (Wilson's Disease)
-
-hamartomatous GI polyps
-hyperpigmentation of mouth/feet/hands
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
-
-hepatosplenomegaly
-osteoporosis
-neurologic sx
Gaucher's disease (glucocerebrosidase deficiency)
-
-hereditary nephritis
-sensorineural hearing loss
-cataracts
Alport syndrome
-
-hyperphagia
-hypersexuality
-hyperorality
-hyperdocility
- Kluver Bucy Syndrome
- (lesion of bilateral amydala)
-
-hyperreflexia
-hypertonia
-Babinski sign
UMN lesion
-
-hyporeflexia
-hypotonia
-atrophy
-fasciculations
LMN lesion
-
-hypoxemia
-polycythemia
-hypercapnia
Blue Bloater (chronic bronchitis)
-
-indurated, ulcerated genital lesion
- Non-painful: chancre (primary syphilis)
- Painful with exudate: chanchroid (H. ducreyi)
-
-infant
-cleft lip/palate
-microcephaly or holoprosencephaly
-polydactyly
-cutis aplasia (congenital absence of skin)
Patau's syndrome (trisomy 13)
-
-infant
-failure to thrive
-hepatosplenomegaly
-neurodegeneration
Niemann-Pick disease
-
-infant
-hypoglycemia
-failure to thrive
-hepatomegaly
Cori's Disease (branching enzyme deficiency)
-
-infant
-microcephaly
-rocker-bottom feet
-clenched hands
-structural heart defect
Edward's syndrome (trisomy 18)
-
-jaundice
-palpable distended, non-tender gallbladder
Courvoisier's sign (distal obstruction of biliary tree)
-
-large rash with bull's eye appearance
- Lyme Disease (erythema chronicum migrans)
- (borrelia)
-
-lucid interval after traumatic brain injury
Epidural hematoma
-
-male child
-recurrent infections
-no B cells
Burton's disease (X-linked agammaglobulinemia)
-
-mucosal bleeding
-prolonged bleeding time
Glanzmann's Thrombasthenia (lack of GpIIb/IIIa)
-
-muffled heart sounds
-distended neck vens
-hypotension
- Cardiac tamponade
- (Beck's triad)
-
-multiple colonic polyps
-osteomas/soft tissue tumors
-impacted/supernumerary teeth
Gardner's Syndrome (of FAP)
-
-myopathy (infantile hypertrophic cardiomyopathy)
-exercise intolerance
Pompe's Disease
-
-neonate with arm paralysis following difficult birth
Erb-Duchenne palsy (superior trunk C5-C6 brachial plexy injury)
-
-no lactation post-partum
-absent menstruation
-cold intolerance
Sheehan's Syndrome (pituitary infarction)
-
-nystagmus
-intention tremor
-scanning speech
-bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia
MS
-
-oscillating fast slow breathing
- Cheynes-Stokes respirations
- -central apnea in CHF
- -increased intracranial pressure
-
-painful blue fingers/toes
-hemolytic anemia
Cold agglutinin disease (autoimmune hemolytic anemia caused by mycoplasma pneumoniae, infectious mononucleosis)
-
-painful, pale, cold fingers/toes
Raynaud's Phenomenon
-
-painful, raised red lesions on pad of fingers/toes
- Osler's Node
- -infective endocarditis
- -immune complex deposition
-
-painless erythematous lesions on palms and soles
Janeway lesions (infective endocarditis, septic emboli/microabscesses)
-
-painless jaundice
Cancer of pancreatic head obstructing bile duct
-
-palpable purpura on buttocks/legs
-joint pain
-abdominal pain (child)
-hematuria
Henoch-Schonlein purpura (IgA vasculitis affecting skin and kidneys)
-
-pancreatic tumors
-pituitary tumors
-parathyroid tumors
MEN1
-
-periorbital and/or peripheral edema
-proteinuria
-hypoalbuminemia
-hypercholesterolemia
Nephrotic Syndrome
-
-pink complexion
-dyspnea
-hyperventilation
- Pink Puffer (emphysema)
- -Centriacinar: smoking
- -Panacinar: a1 antitrypsin deficiency
-
-polyuria
-renal tubular acidosis type II
-growth failure
-electrolyte imbalances
-hypophosphatemic rickets
Fanconi's Syndrome
-
-positive anterior drawer sign
ACL injury
-
-pruritic, purple, polygonal planar papules and plaques
Lichen planus
-
-ptosis
-miosis
-anhidrosis
Horner's Syndrome
-
-pupil accomodates but does not react
Argyll Robertson pupil (neurosyphilis)
-
-rapidly progressive leg weakness that ascends following GI/URI
Guillain-Barre syndrome
-
-rash on palms and soles
- -Coxsackie A
- -secondary syphilis
- -Rocky Mountain Spotted fever
-
-recurrent colds
-unusual eczema
-high serum IgE
Hyper-IgE syndrome (Job's syndrome)
-
-red "currant jelly" sputum in alcoholic or diabetic patients
Klebsiella pneumoniae
-
-red "currant jelly" stools
- Adults: acute mesenteric ischemia
- Infants: intussusception
-
-red, itchy, swollen rash of nipple/areola
Paget's disease of the breast (underlying neoplasm)
-
-red urine in morning
-fragile RBCs
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
-
-renal cell carcinoma (bilateral)
-hemangioblastomas
-angiomatosis
-pheochromocytoma
von Hippel-Lindau disease
-
-resting tumor
-rigidity
-akinesia
-postural instability
Parkinson's Disease
-
-retinal hemorrhages with pale centers
Roth's spots (bacterial endocarditis)
-
-severe jaundice in neonate
Crigler-Najjar syndrome (congenital UC hyperbilirubinemia)
-
-severe RLQ pain with palpation of LLQ
Rovsing's sign (acute apendicitis)
-
-severe RLQ pain with rebound tenderness
McBurney's sign (appendicitis)
-
-short stature
-increased incidence of tumors/leukemia
-aplastic anemia
Fanconi's anemia (genetic loss of DNA crosslink repair, often progresses to AML)
-
-single palmar crease
Simian crease (Down Syndrome)
-
-situs inversus
-chronic sinusitis
-bronchiectasis
-infertility
Kartagener's syndrome (PCD)
-
-skin hyperpigmentation
-hypotension
-fatigue
Addison's Disease (pirmary adrenocortical insufficiency: causes increased ACTH and MSH production)
-
-slow, progressive muscle weakness in boys
Becker muscular dystrophy (X-linked, less severe than Duchenne's)
-
-small, irregular red spots on buccal/lingual mucosa with blue white centers
Koplik spots (measles, rubeola)
-
-smooth, flat, moist, painless white lesions on genitals
Condylomata lata (secondary syphilis)
-
-splinter hemorrhages in fingernails
Bacterial endocarditis
-
-"strawberry tongue"
- -scarlet fever
- -Kawasaki disease
- -TSS
-
-streak ovaries
-congenital heart disease
-horseshoe kidney
-cystic hygroma at birth
-short stature
-webbed neck
-lymphedema
Turner Syndrome (45 XO)
-
-sudden swollen/painful big toe joint
-tophi
Gout/Podagra (hyperuricemia)
-
-swollen gums
-mucosal bleeding
-poor wound healing
-spots on skin
Scurvy (vitamin C deficiency)
-
-swollen, hard, painful finger joints
- Osteoarthritis
- -Bouchard's nodes (PIP)
- -Heberden's nodes (DIP)
-
-systolic ejection murmur (crescendo-decrescendo)
Aortic valve stenosis
-
-thyroid tumors
-parathyroid tumors
-pheochromocytoma
MEN 2A (AD ret mutation)
-
-thyroid tumors
-pheochromocytoma
-ganglioneuromatosis
MEN 2B (AD ret mutation)
-
-toe extension/fanning upon plantar scrape
Babinski sign (UMN)
-
-unilateral facial drooping involving forehead
LMN facial nerve palsy
-
-urethritis
-conjunctivitis
-arthritis
-in male
reactive arthritis associated with HLA-B27
-
-vascular birthmark (port-wine stain)
- Hemangioma
- -benign but associated with Sturge-Weber Syndrome
-
-vomiting blood following GE lacerations
- Mallory-Weiss syndrome
- -alcoholic and bulimic patients
-
-weight loss
-diarrhea
-arthritis
-fever
-adenopathy
Whipple's Disease
-
-"worst HA of my life"
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
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