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(py)
- Pyridine

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(en)
- ethylenediamine

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(acac)
- acetylacetonato

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(ox)
- oxolato

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(bpy)
- 2,2'-bipyridine

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(phen)
- 1,10-phenanthroline

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Define arrhenius acid and base
Arrhenius acids form hydrogen ions in aqueous solutions.
Arrhenius bases form hydroxide ions in aqueous solution.
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Define Bronsted-Lowry acid/base
An acid is a species with a tendency to lose a hydrogen ion
A base is a species with a tendency to gain a hydrogen ion.
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Solvent System Acid/Base
The acid is the cation resulting from autodissociation of the solvent.
- The solute that adds the [cation] is
- considered an acid.
The base is the anion.
- The solute that adds to the [anion] is
- considered a base.
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Lewis acid/base
Lewis acid is an electron-pair acceptor.
Lewis base is an electron-pair donor.
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What is a characteristic of hard acid and bases?
Hard acids and bases are small and nonpolariable (cannot by partial positive/negative hence its small size)
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What is a characteristic of soft acid and bases?
Soft acid and bases are larger and more polarizable.
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Which is stronger? A hard acid--Hard base, or a Hard acid--soft base?
The hard to hard and soft to soft are stronger bonds.
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What does polarizable mean?
The degree to which a molecule or ion is easily distorted by interaction with other molecules or ions.
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Characteristic of hard acids?
any cations with large positive charge (3+ or larger), or those whose d electrons are relatively unavailable for pi bonding. (e.g., alkaline earth ions, Al3+), also Cr3+ , Mn2+ , Fe3+ , and Co3+
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What is the formula for Pauling's Rule?
pKa=8-5n, where n is the number of oxo groups
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number of oxo groups in HClO4?
3 oxo groups
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number of oxo groups in H2SO4?
2 oxo groups
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number of oxo groups in H3PO4?
1 oxo group
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For the paulings rule determination of pKa. What number do you add for each H removed?
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What happens dissolve s- block oxides in water?
Hydrolysis of s- block oxides in water yield bases...
- CaO + H2O ⇌ Ca(OH)2
- Na2O + H2O ⇌ 2NaOH
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What happens when p- block oxides are dissolved in water?
Hydrolysis of p- block oxides lead to acids.
- CO2 + H2O ⇌ H2CO3
- N2O5 + H2O ⇌ 2HNO3
- SO3 + H2O ⇌ H2SO4
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Acidity of metal cations in water
many cations are acid by hydrolysis
[M(H2O)n]z+ + H2O ⇌ [M(H2O)n-1(OH)]z-1 + H3O+
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What are the effects of metal cations in water based on charge and size?
↑Charge=↑Acidity
↓Radius=↑Acidity
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