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What is the scientific name for corn?
Zea mays
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What type of grass is corn?
annual, warm grass
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What type of root system does corn have?
fibrous
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Corn is grown in every state except for
Alaska
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What states make up the corn belt?
Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Nebraska, Ohio
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What is grown on more farms than any other crop?
Corn
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the average daytime temperature for corn is
70-80 F
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the average nightime temperature for corn is
58 F
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How many frost free days are required for corn?
150
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average precipitation for corn is
25-50", 3 to 4" each month of the growing season
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Corn as an average mature height of
5-12 ft
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Corn produces how many ears
1-2 per plant
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What type of soil does corn prefer?
- very fertie
- well drained loam
- pH 5.5-8
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is corn dioecious or monoecious
Monoecious- both male and female on the same plant
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Corn ears are the
pistillate inflorescence
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Corn tassels are the
staminate inflorescence
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why is corn a highly cross pollinated species
cuz of the monoecious flower arrangement
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What is MDMV?
- Maize Dwarf Mosaic Virus
- transmitted by Aphids from johnsongrass to sweet corn
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What is Bacterial Wilt?
transmitted by insects
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What insects cause damage to corn?
- Corn Borer
- Sugarcane Borer
- Spider Mites
- Corn Leaf Aphids
- Corn Ear Worm
- White Grub
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How many acres of corn are grown annually in Texas?
more than a million
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Compared to the Corn Belt, yields in the high plains...
equal or exceed the corn belt because of irrigation
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Corn yields increased from _______ bushels from the 1910s to ______ bushels per acre now.
25 to 200+
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Increased corn productivity is due to
hybrids
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Hybrids are
genetically altered to increase yields
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Sorghum's scientific name is
Sorghum bicolor
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Sorghum is grown where
southern half of US where conditions are too high and droughty for corn
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Sorghum is known as
"corn substitute"
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In many countries, sorghum is grown as
a food grain
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In the US, sorghum is grown primarily for
livestock and poultry feed
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Grain sorghum is a
coarse annual grass usually under 5 ft tall
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Grain sorghum is grown for
grain production
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Grain sorghum hybrids with juicy stalks have
high when grain yield is low
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Grain sorghum has what kind of root system
fibrous
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grain sorghum fibrous roots are
- smaller in diamter
- more extensive
- more efficient in water and nutrient absorption than corn
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Grain sorghum flowers have both
sterile and fertile florets
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95% of fertile florets are
self-pollinated
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grain sorghum seeds vary in color from
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how many leaves does grain sorghum have?
7 leaves
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Forage sorghum is grown for
grazing, hay, or silage
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forage sorghum grows up to
6-12 ft
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forage sorghum has how many leaves
8 leaves
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forage sorghum is grown to produce
maximum yields of high quality forage with limited concern for grain production
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sorgo types & hybrids are
grown for silage
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sudangrass & hybrids
have smaller culms than sorgos and primarily used for hay and grazing
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johsongrass is
a perennial sorghum used for hay and grazing
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broom sorghum
- straw is used to make brooms
- importance has diminished due to cometitive synthetic fibers
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in texas, grain sorghum is planted
on more acreage than any other crop
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texas produces
35-40% of all grain sorghum produced in the US
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differences between grain & forage sorghum
- heigh
- purpose for growing
- number of leaves
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