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dallas.dawn
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homeostasis
tendency of body to maintain a state of balance while continually changing
- automatic in a healthy person
- compensates for abnormal occurrences
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homeostatic mechanisms
- autonomic nervous system
- endocrine system
- kidneys
- cardiovascular system
- respiratory system
- gastro-intestinal system
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three stages of stress response
- alarm reaction( mobilization of defenses) (body functions are heightened to respond to a stressor ex. elevated bp, hr, r,...)
- resistance(attempt to cope; body functions normalize while responding to stressor)
- exhaustion(spreads, recover, or die; body functions are no longer able to maintain a response to the stressor)
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Autonomic nervous system
sympathetic (fight or flight)
in charge during stress
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ANS
parasympathetic(rest)
- promotes digestion
- promotes elimination
- controls body at rest
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sympathetic response
- adrenal medulla stimulated(epinephrine, norepinephrine)
- dilates bronchioles
- shortens time for blood clotting
- boosts metabolism
- increases BP, P , R
- sends blood to skeletal muscles
- increases blood glucose
- increases alertness
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endocrine response
- anterior pituitary (ACTH)
- ACTH stimulates adrenal gland
- Adrenal cortex
- cortisol(gluconeogenesis from glycogen in liver)
- aldosterone(save sodium)
- Posterior pituitary ?
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other body responses
(emotional, cognitive, verbal motor )
- emotional response (anxiety, anger)
- cognitive response (problem solving, suppression, prayer)
- verbal motor response (crying , laughing, screaming, acting out)
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Factors affecting stress response
- perception of the stressor
- number of simultaneous stressors
- duration of the exposure to the stressor
- previous experience with stressor
- support available
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Nursing Implications
- minimize anxiety
- mediate anger
- exercise
- nutrition
- rest
- relaxation
- problem solving
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