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tresa
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Emerging adulthood – the period from late teens to the early twenties
when individs explore options prior to committing to adult roles.
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B cells – produce
- antibodies to fight off external threats
- T cells – defend against
- internal threats such as transplanted organs, cancer cells, viruses. Decline
- in # and efficiency w/ age.
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Egocentrism
- Child tendency to look at things
- from his/er own perspective
- May create frustration in
- communication
Piaget three-mountain task
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Emerging Adult developmental Areas
New stage proposed by Jeffrey Arnett covers ages 17-22 or even to 29
Experiment with adult options
- Must address tasks such as academic, friendship, conduct, work and
- romance
- Parts of brain governing impulse control, decision-making not yet fully
- mature
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psychosocial theory:
- 1 trust vs. mistrust
- 2 autonomy vs. shame/doubt
- 3 initiative vs. guilt
- 4 identity vs. role confusion
- 5 intimacy vs. role confusion
- 6 intimacy vs. isolation
- 7 generatively vs. stagnation
- 8 integrity vs. dispair
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(devel influenced by common cultural demands and internal drives. each state
requires solution of crisis, healthy devel = ratio of =/- experiences).
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Internal/external locus of control
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Internal locus of control – belief ab the cause of events – taking
responsibility.
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James Marcia’s theory
- Marcia’s theory of identity achievement
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- identity achievement – the identity
- status achieved by a person who has been through a crisis and reached a
- commitment to ideological or occupational goals.
- Moratorium – the identity status
- of a person who is in a crisis but who has made no commitment.
- Forclosure – commitment, no
- crisis.
Identity diffusion – no crisis, no commitment
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Kohlberg’s Moral Reasoning Stages
post formal thought, beyond piaget
- Later thinking reflects thinking sills that are
- more relative and reflect complex thought
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Levinson’s Theory
- All the roles an individual
- occupies, all his or her relationships, and the conflicts and balance that
- exist among them.
Each period of life presents adults with new developmental challenges
- Like Erikson, he regards formation of an intimate relationship with
- another adult as a central developmental task of early adulthood.
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Major hormones
- Gonadotrophic hormones –
- responsible for development of sex organs
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Mate Selection Theories
Mating a selective process to insure survival of the species.
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Piaget and adolescence
- Older children generally do
- better on complex reasoning tasks.
- Formal Operational reasoning
- enables teens to understand metaphors.
- Influenced how teens make
- decisions. Nearly 3/5 of 12th graders did not show future
- orientation thinking.
- Formal operational thinking is
- not used on every problem.
- Education levels influence the
- use of formal operational thought.
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Pituitary gland
- Master gland – triggers hormone
- release from other glands
- Gonadotrophic hormones –
- responsible for development of sex organs
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Primary Aging
senescence – basic underlying inevitable aging process. Grey hair, ect.
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the suppression of actions that are inappropriate in a given context
and that interfere with goal-driven behavior
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product of env influences, health, habits, ect
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STD’s
- Bacterial – Chlamydia, Gonorrhea – long term damage to reproductive sys.
- Syphilis – can lead to serious mental disorders/death.
Viral – Genital herpes, Gentital warts – caused by hpv. Hiv/aids
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Sternberg’s Love Theory
love has 3 key components
Intimacy – feelings that promote closeness and connectedness
- Passion – feeling of intense longing for union with the other
- person, including sexual union
Commitment to a particular other – over a long period of time
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VO2 max
- Heart/lungs, Max oxygen uptake (VO2
- max) – reflects the ability of the body to take in& transport oxygen to
- body organs. Systematic decline w/ age. Aerobic exrcise can improve it at
- nearly any age.
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Validating couples
Have disagreements but rarely let them escalate
Partners express mutual respect and listen to each other
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Volatile couples
Squabble a lot, don’t listen BUT
More positive than negative with high levels of laughter and affection
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Avoidant couples
Conflict minimizers; agree to disagree – devitalizing
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Donald Super’s Model
Several stages of career development
Growth stage—learn about one’s abilities
Exploratory stage—decide on job or career
Establishment stage—early steps on the career ladder
- Maintenance stage—ends at retirement but may
- need to learn new skills on the job
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