Psych unit 3

when individs explore options prior to committing to adult roles.

• antibodies to fight off external threats
• T cells – defend against
• internal threats such as transplanted organs, cancer cells, viruses. Decline
• in # and efficiency w/ age.

• Child tendency to look at things
• from his/er own perspective

• May create frustration in
• communication

Piaget three-mountain task

New stage proposed by Jeffrey Arnett  covers ages 17-22 or even to 29

Experiment with adult options

• Must address tasks such as academic, friendship, conduct, work and
• romance

• Parts of brain governing impulse control, decision-making not yet fully
• mature

• 1 trust vs. mistrust
• 2 autonomy vs. shame/doubt
• 3 initiative vs. guilt
• 4 identity vs. role confusion
• 5 intimacy vs. role confusion
• 6 intimacy vs. isolation
• 7 generatively vs. stagnation
• 8 integrity vs. dispair

• (devel influenced by common cultural demands and internal drives. each state
• requires solution of crisis, healthy devel = ratio of =/- experiences).

responsibility.

• Marcia’s theory of identity achievement
• –

• identity achievement – the identity
• status achieved by a person who has been through a crisis and reached a
• commitment to ideological or occupational goals.

• Moratorium – the identity status
• of a person who is in a crisis but who has made no commitment.

• Forclosure – commitment, no
• crisis.

Identity diffusion – no crisis, no commitment

post formal thought, beyond piaget

• Later thinking reflects thinking sills that are
• more relative and reflect complex thought

• All the roles an individual
• occupies, all his or her relationships, and the conflicts and balance that
• exist among them.

Each period of life presents adults with new developmental challenges

• Like Erikson, he regards formation of an intimate relationship with
• another adult as a central developmental task of early adulthood.

• Gonadotrophic hormones –
• responsible for development of sex organs

Mating a selective process to insure survival of the species.

• Older children generally do
• better on complex reasoning tasks.

• Formal Operational reasoning
• enables teens to understand metaphors.

• Influenced how teens make
• decisions. Nearly 3/5 of 12th graders did not show future
• orientation thinking.

• Formal operational thinking is
• not used on every problem.

• Education levels influence the
• use of formal operational thought.

• Master gland – triggers hormone
• release from other glands

• Gonadotrophic hormones –
• responsible for development of sex organs

senescence – basic underlying inevitable aging process. Grey hair, ect.

and that interfere with goal-driven behavior

• Bacterial – Chlamydia, Gonorrhea – long term damage to reproductive sys.
• Syphilis – can lead to serious mental disorders/death.

Viral – Genital herpes, Gentital warts – caused by hpv. Hiv/aids

love has 3 key components

Intimacy – feelings that promote closeness and connectedness

• Passion – feeling of intense longing for union with the other
• person, including sexual union

Commitment to a particular other – over a long period of time

• Heart/lungs, Max oxygen uptake (VO2
• max) – reflects the ability of the body to take in& transport oxygen to
• body organs. Systematic decline w/ age. Aerobic exrcise can improve it at
• nearly any age.

Have disagreements but rarely let them escalate

Partners express mutual respect and listen to each other

Squabble a lot, don’t listen BUT

More positive than negative with high levels of laughter and affection

Conflict minimizers; agree to disagree – devitalizing

Growth stage—learn about one’s abilities

Exploratory stage—decide on job or career

Establishment stage—early steps on the career ladder

• Maintenance stage—ends at retirement but may
• need to learn new skills on the job