Organization Communication Test 2

• not a repressive form of control but productive
• producing people that align with preferred ideology

power to withhold or share information based on predetermined rules on what is acceptable to talk about

• idea of englightenment is that truth is objective 
• idea of PM: truth is relative to context

Postmodernism is not new but a return to old, prior to modernism

• form self-concepts through stories we are told
• morality and ethics are forged in dialogue and choice 
• art and culture: there is no one way to perceive and express the world 
• shift toward globalization

it takes away the idea of absolute truth (truth with a capital T)

reintroduces the validity of faith

• Time of enlightenment
• focus on fact and objective truth through reason

• sometime between 1875 and 1970
• emotion and intuition are valued are truth 
• truth becomes relative and contextual

• value non-linear, counter rational models; more differentiation
• loss of certainty on management and leadership styles

• decentralized authority
• individualized markets
• informal democratic processes
• empowerment
• negotiation instead of conformity
• diversity
• customization

• discourse is not just for elite, but should be equally distributed throughout 
• where does discourse intersect with power and knowledge?

• value of communication
• employee voice
• equality means shared responsibility 
• encourage divergence 
• adaptability

• escape of reality and therefore Truth
• through mastering our world we can become free of our world

• stories can be unconsciously symbolic of org culture
• PM allows us to privilege these over fact
• stories act as sense making device

• during times of war alpha males became leaders 
• they had very specific leadership characteristics

• the art of war is avoiding conflict whenever possible
• warfare is the last thing leaders should engage in 
• commit to goals you set 
• burn bridges so there is no easy way out

• athenians educated their boys in philosophy, rhetoric and physical education
• spartans simply had soldiers

• wrote on political realities of his day
• leaders often manipulated the weak and exploitable to defend the state
• it is better to be feared than loved 
• act for the greater good: choose the lesser of two evils

• ideally, leaders are called by God
• they don't need to be born into privilege but need to be divinely granted 
• wisdom lit: all could be wise but most ignore the call of wisdom

• "great men of leadership"
• those who are traditionally masculine, heroic, and individualistic

• leaders are those who controlled the knowledge of production
• this led to a deskilled labor force so leaders could have more power

• task oriented: a group is really good or really bad
• relationships oriented: group is just okay

immature groups need telling, then selling ideas, then participation in ideas, the delegation of responsibilities

• score on a scale of 1-9 in task and relational scales
• the best leaders score nines on both

• there are always in groups and out groups and not just average relationships
• in groups: more benefits but more obligation
• out groups: loss job security but also less responsibility at work

• position: where leaders operate
• person: who leaders are
• result: what leaders achieve
• process: how leaders get things done

magical inspiration. can inspire good but also can undermine society. appeal to values and not just interests

• shift from leaders to leadership
• reality is a collective and ongoing accomplishment
• encourage constructive dissent
• focus on good followers and whole successes

• gratitude
• trust
• respect
• personal restraint
• courage to be human

• guiding vision
• passion
• integrity
• trust 
• curiosity
• daring

culture provides a framework of values that employees may use to craft/regulate identities at work

• define person directly: title in their job
• defining the person by defining others: lower person says they have more hands on experience
• specific vocab of motives: a teacher who is in it for the kids
• explicating morals and values: using specific company policies to shape employee values 
• knowledge and skills: specific skill sets allow one to define themselves in specific ways
• group affiliation: sense of community breeds commitment to an organization 
• hierarchical location: knowing whether or not you are superior/inferior to others
• distinct set of rules: rules naturalize ways of doing things 
• defining context: globalization is trending so adaptable people are trending

• Gender differences at work
• gender identity as organizational performance
• gendered organizations
• gendered narratives in pop culture

• Gender differences at work
• communication styles are an effect of gender
• individual identity is socialized and stable
• org is a physical site where predictable com patterns occur

• Gender Identity as organizational performance
• everyday interaction is influenced by social scripts
• identity is constantly negotiated as an effect of discourse
• org. is a physical site where identities are continually produced and reproduced

• Gendered Organizations
• gendered narratives are embedded in systems and enacted in day to day interactions
• identity is a product of organizing
• org is the subject and object of gendered discourse

• Gendered narratives in pop culture
• narratives are embedded in societal representations of organization
• identity is a process and object of gendered social discourses