The flashcards below were created by user
phut52
on FreezingBlue Flashcards.
-
less dense than a solid or liquid and can be compressed
gas
-
model for the behavior of a gas
kinetic molecular theory of gases
-
gas particles move faster as the temperature
increases
-
what produces pressure?
when gas particles hit the walls of the container
-
higher temperatures mean
higher pressure
-
5 rules of the kinetic molecular theory of gases
1. a gas consists of small particles that move randomly with rapid velocities
2. The attractive forces between the particle of a gas can be neglected
3. The actual volume occupied by gas molecules is extremely small compared to the volume that the gas occupies
4. the average kinetic energy of gas molecules is proportional to the kelvin temperature
5. Gas particles are in constant motion, moving rapidly in straight paths
-
How do gas molecules fill a container of any size and shape?
Gas particles move far apart
-
The volume of the container is considered equal to the volume of the
gas
-
4 properties of gas
- 1. Pressure
- 2. Volume
- 3. Temperature
- 4. Amount of gas
-
The more gas molecules that hit a wall the greater the
pressure
-
The gas molecules of oxygen and nitrogen in the air exert pressure called
atmospheric pressure
-
pressure caused by air
atmospheric pressure
-
higher altitudes=
lower atmospheric pressure
-
why is the atmospheric pressure less in higher altitudes?
there are fewer molecules of oxygen and nitrogen in the air
-
most common units used for gas measurements
- atmosphere (atm)
- millimeters of mercury (mm Hg)
-
units used for gas measurements in chemistry lab
torr
-
low temperatures
decrease the speed of gas molecules, which reduces the pressure
-
-
in gas law calculation, we need to change grams of gas to
moles
-
The force exerted by gas against the walls of the container
pressure
-
the space occupied by the gas
volume
-
determines the kinetic energy and rate of motion of the gas particles
temperature
-
the quantity of gas present in a container
amount (n)
-
force acting on a certain area
pressure
-
Pressure (P)=force
------
area
formula for pressure
-
used to measure atmospheric pressure
barometer
-
inventor of the barometer
Evangelista Torricelli
-
the American equivalent of 1 atm is
14.7 pounds per square inch
-
at a pressure of 1 atmosphere (atm) the mercury column would be exactly
760mm
-
1 atm can all be expressed as
760 torr
-
the SI unit of pressure
pascals (Pa)
-
-
weather reports in the US are given in
inches of Hg (in.Hg)
-
the lowering of atmospheric pressure often indicates
rain or snow
-
atmospheric pressure is greatest at
sea level
-
a relationship in which two properties change in opposite directions
inverse relationship
-
the relationship between pressure and volume of a gas
boyle's law
-
a gas law stating the the pressure of a gas is inversely related to the volume when temperature and moles of the gas do not change; that is, if volume decreases, pressure increases
boyles law
-
a gas law stating that the volume of a gas changes directly with a change in kelvin temperature when pressure and moles of the gas do not change
charles law
-
the related properties increase or decrease together
direct relationship
-
states that the pressure of a gas is directly related to its Kelvin temperature
Gay-Lussac's law
-
the pressure exerted by the particles of vapor above a liquid
vapor pressure
-
as temperature increases, more vapor _____ and vapor pressure_________
forms;increases
-
a liquid reaches its boiling point when its vapor pressure becomes equal to the
external pressure
-
All pressure--volume--temperature relationships for gases may be combined into a single relationship called
combined gas law
-
a gas law that states that the volume of gas is directly related to the number of moles of gas in the sample when pressure and temperature do not change
avogadros law
-
standard condition of O degrees Celsius (273 K) temperature and 1 atm pressure used for the comparison of gases
STP
-
a volume of 22.4 L occupied by 1 mol of a gas at STP conditions of 0 degrees celcius (273 K) and 1 atm
molar volume
-
a law that combines the four measured properties of a gas in the equation PV=nRT
ideal gas law
-
the pressure a gas would exert if it were the only gas in the container
partial pressure
-
total pressure of a gas mixture is the sum of the partial pressure to the gases in the mixture
daltons law
-
-
ways to increase pressure of a gas
- 1. increase temp
- 2. increase number of molecules
- 3. decrease volume
-
K=Celsius+273
Celsius to kelvin equation
-
the change in the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to the change in pressure at a constant temp
boyles law
-
p1 v1= p2 v2
equation for boyles law
-
the change in temp is volume is directly proportional to the change in temp kelvin--when the amount and temp is constant
charles law
-
v1=v2
--- ----
t1 t2
equation for charles law
|
|