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Name the 5 routes of Drug administration
- Oral
- Mucous (lung, anal,sublingual, buccal)
- topical
- parenteral (injection) (7 types)
- Catheterization (into bladder)
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What are the 7 types of parenteral routes of drug administration?
- (6)Intra- cranial,dermal, muscular, venous, thecal L3-L4, tracheal
- (1) subdermal
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How are needles measured?
by gauge, smaller the number, the larger the gauge needle
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What a re the three methods of IV administration?
- Continuous fusion (liters per hour)
- Piggy-backed (2-3 at a time)
- Bolus or push ( push in all at once
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At what height is ideal for IV bag?
- 18-20" above site to prevent back flow
- (opposite for catheter)
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Abbreviations for meds
bid
tid
quid
quod
- 2x a day
- 3x a day
- 4x a day
- every other day
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Abbreviations for meds
PO
stat
prn
- by mouth (per os)
- at once
- as needed
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Abbreviations for meds
ac
pc
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Abbreviations for meds
q
h
qh
q3h
hs
- every
- hour
- every hour
- every 3 hours
- at bedtime
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Name 3 hazards of IV fluids
- infiltration
- extravasation
- air embolism
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when the vein cannot absorb the fluid quick enough and there is leakage around the injection site
infiltration
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Contrast media injected directly into tissue instead of the vein
extravasation (vein blow)
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What is Caused by too fast delivery, drug incompatibility , clotting and phlebitis
- Air embolism
- electrolyte imbalance
- edema
- speed shock
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In nuclear medicine, what is the positive contrast medium ABSORBS
Radiopaque bone appears WHITE on xray
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in nuclear medicine, what is the negative contrast medium. PASSES THROUGH
radiolucent air in lungs appear dark on xrays
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What is the most commonly used contrast agent (heavy metal salt) used in GI tract
barium sulfate
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How is barium sulfate administered?
- rectally or orally
- can cause cramping and constipation
**cannot be used if GI tract is perforated**
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In which contrast do atoms split into positive and negative charged particles when in contact with body fluids.
** with so many particles in bloodstream absorbing water , fluid balance is affected**
ionic contrast
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In what contrast do atoms NOT split when in contact with body fluids , therefore not upsetting body fluid balance.
(used more )
Nonionic contrast
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Tese atoms displace water in the cells and absorb x ray photons in those regions.
_______ iodides attach to water soluble carrier molecules and dispatch to areas of the body
Organic
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In CT and MRI dept, what is used to inject patient with contrast
power injector
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Nausea, mild vomitting and retching are all what degree of reaction from contrast media
Minor
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Fainting, chest and abdominal pain. headache and edema of the face are what degree of reaction from contrast
moderate
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syncope convulsions, pulmonary edema and cardiac arrest are what type of contrast reaction
Severe
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The sac around the spinal cord is called the _____ sac
thecal
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