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What is the scientific name for barley?
Hordeum vulgare
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How long has barley been cultivated?
3,000-8,000 BC
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What is the most ancient cultivated grain crop?
Barley
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Barely is one of the most...
- adapted crops
- grown from artic circle to equator
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What is barely grown for in most of the world?
human food
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What is produced from barley grains?
bread and other food products
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In the US, what is barely grown for?
- livestock feed and malt
- it can be grazed by livestock in the late fall, witner and early spring
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Where is malting type barely grown?
colder climates across the northern part of the nation (from North Dakota to the Pacific Coast)
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What is malt used for?
- 85%- beer
- 10%- alcohol and whiskey
- 5%- malt syrups
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Where is winter barley grown?
Southern US
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How much rain does winter barley need?
25 to 30 inches
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How hardy is winter barley?
less hardy than winter rye and winter wheat; more hardy than oats
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Where is Barley grown in Texas?
- much fewer acres than other cool season cereal grains
- used as winter pasture for livestock
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Barely provides...
forage more quickly than oats or wheat
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How long does barley provide grazing?
October to May under favorable conditions
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What kind of inflorescence does barley have?
Spike (monocot)
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Barley is a
cool season, annual grass with a mature height of 2-5 ft
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Oats is a ______ world crop.
major world crop
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Oats is the _____ most important crop in the US on basis of acres.
fourth
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In the northern US, oats are grown for
- seed production and used as livestock feed
- 5% used for human consumption
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In the southern US, oats are grown for
grazing or hay production and some seed production
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What is the scientific name for oats?
Avena sativa
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What type of soil is good for oats?
- adpated to a wide range of soil types as long as it is well drained and fertile
- perform best on loamy soils
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Oats are less sensitive to ______ than barley.
acidic soils
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Oats require more ____ for development.
water
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Oats are less ______ than other cool season small grains.
winter hardy
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Oats are a
cool season, annual grass with a mature height of 2-5 ft
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What type of inflorescence does oats have?
panicle
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Oats are
caryposis (fruit fused to seed coat)
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What is the scientific name for wheat?
Tricticum
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Wheat is the most.....
extensively cultivated of all cereal crops
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How much land does wheat occupy in the world?
up to 15%
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Wheat ranks _____ in acreage planted.
2nd to corn
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Where is the Wheat Belt located?
Great Plains area
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Wheat is a
cool season, annual grass with a mature height of 2-5 ft
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What type of inflorescence does wheat have?
spike
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What type of soil does wheat yield best in?
clay loam soils
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How much rain does wheat need?
25-30 inches with 2-6 inches two months prior to harvest
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How many acres of wheat is harvested in texas each year?
2-5 million acres
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What does wheat rank in Texas in terms of acreage harvested?
3rd
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Where is wheat produced in Texas?
high and rolling plains
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When is wheat planted in Texas?
September to November
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What is rye's scientific name?
Secale cereale
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What is rye?
major bread grain in the world especially where wheat cannot grow
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How cold tolerant is rye?
most cold tolerant of small grains
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What kind of soil can rye be grown in?
infertile, sandy, or acidic
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What is tricticale?
cross between wheat and rye
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When was tricticale developed?
1960s
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What characteristics does tricticale have?
- fertile
- characteristics of wheat and rye
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What was the purpose of triticale?
transfer cold hardiness and adaptation of unfavorable soil conditions of rye while retaining excellent banking qualities of wheat
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Was tricticale successful?
no
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