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What is the name for a precancerous lesion of the cervix?
Cervical intraepithelial neoplasm
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What is another term for Cervical intraepithelial neoplasm?
Precancerous lesion of the Cervix
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What has dramatically lowered the incidence of Cervical intraepithelial Neoplasms?
PAP smear
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PAP smears have helped to lower the incidence of what disease?
Cervical intraepithelial neoplasms
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CIN stands for?
Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
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What specific type of precancerous lesion of the cervix is Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia?
Squamous dysplasia
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What is the general timeline for a Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia to progess to an invasive carcinoma?
May be twenty years or more
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What virus is associated with Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia?
HPV (human papilloma virus)
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What is the causative agent of Condyloma acuminate?
HPV
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What is Condyloma acuminata?
Genital warts
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What is another term for genital warts?
Condyloma acuminata
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What can HPV cause?
- Condyloma acuminate
- Cervical Cancer
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Condyloma acuminata and cervical cancer can both be caused by what virus?
HPV
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Lesions associated with HPV can occur on what body parts?
Vulva, Vagina and cervix
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Describe the characteristics associated with an HPV infection with strains 6 and 11:
- Low risk
- Exophyitic warty growth
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Which HPV strains are associated with low risk and exophytic warty growths?
Strains 6 and 11
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Which HPV strains are associated with High risk of cancer and flat lesions?
Strains 16 and 18
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Strains 16 and 18 of HPV have what general characteristics?
High risk of cancer and flat lesions
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What are the different grades of CIN?
CIN I, CIN II, CIN III
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What are the characteristics of CIN I grade?
Mild dysplasia
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What are the characteristics of CIN II?
Moderate dysplasia
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What are the characteristics of CIN III?
Severe dysplasia/carcinoma in situ
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Carcinoma in situ is what?
- Closest thing to having cancer
- Cancer that is not yet spreading/malignant
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What is the worst grade and its characteristics of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia?
CIN III – severe dysplasia- carcinoma in situ
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Koilocytes are seen on what type of test?
PAP smear
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Koilocytes indicate what disease?
Cervical precancer
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Koilocytes look like what?
- Dark, enlarged irregular nucleus
- Clear area (perinuclear halo) around the nucleus
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How does SIL compare to CIN?
Equivalent
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What is SIL used for?
To grade dysplasia on a PAP smear
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What does SIL stand for?
Squamous Intraepithelial Neoplasia
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What is the acronym for the Squamous intraepithelial neoplasia grading system on a PAP smear?
SIL
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What is the treatment for CIN I?
Follow up
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What is the treatment for CIN II?
Cone biopsy and LEEP
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What is the treatment for CIN III?
Cone biopsy, LEEP and hysterectomy
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What grade of CIN is the treatment a follow up?
CIN I
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What grade of CIN is the treatment LEEP and cone biopsy?
CIN II
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What grade of CIN is the treatment LEEP, cone biopsy and hysterectomy?
CIN III
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What percent of people with SIL end up with no advancement and naturally leads to remission?
35%
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What percentage of those found to have SIL have disease progression?
25%
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Of those that progress with SIL, what percent develop an invasive cancer?
1%
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Of those that progress with SIL what percentage end up with CIN III?
10%
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What percent of Cervical cancers are squamous cell carcinoma?
75-90%
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75-90% of all cervical cancers are what type?
Squamous cell
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What do Cervical cancers arise from?
Precancerous lesions-CIN/squamous dysplasia
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What are the risk factors for Cervical Cancer?
- HPV
- Multiple sexual partners
- Intercourse with a male that has had multiple sexual partners
- Smoking
- Immune deficiency
- Early age of intercourse
- What is the most common cancer in women worldwide?
- Cervical cancer-Squamous cell carcinoma
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What is the second most common cervical cancer type?
Adenocarcinoma
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What is the frequency of adenocarcinomas in cervical cancer patients?
Second most common, makes up most everything that Squamous cell does not.
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What is the common age group for cervical cancer?
- 40-60 years
- Beginning to increase In younger females
- What disease is likely for a patient suffering from vaginal discharge, abnormal bleeding and postcoital bleeding?
- Cervical Cancer
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Cervical Cancer manifests itself as what?
- Postcoital bleeding
- Abnormal bleeding
- Vaginal discharge
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How is cervical cancer diagnosed?
Cytology and Biopsy
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