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Grammar Translation focuses on What, When, and How, but not?
Who
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What is the Grammar Translation Method?
Focus on learning rules of the language and working withtexts; translating from FL to Mother Tongue
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Grammar Translation dates back to?
Roman Empire
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Techniques of Grammar Translation?
- 1. Focus on detail explanation.
- 2. Focus on grammar rules.
- 3. Focus on constant practice and translation.
- 4. Conjugation exercises.
- 5. Memorization.
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Teacher role in Grammar Translation?
- 1. Teacher centered: knowledge to be given to student, not to be learned by student.
- 2. Teacher to explain rules, exceptions, irregularities and applications.
- 3. Translation practice reinforced teacher points
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Student Role in Grammar Translation?
- 1. Conjugate verbs.
- 2. Memorize vocab
- 3. Learning syntactic rules and exceptions
- 4. Taking dictation
- 5. Translating written passages; from isolated sentences to short texts meant no emphasis on meaning or reading.
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Grammar Translation is still currently used in?
Secondary (high school/college) Foreign language classrooms in US
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Advantages of Grammar Translation Method?
- Student has background information/rules to help piece together grammatically and conversationally correct sentences.
- Creates conversation
- Able to communicate with others of the language
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Disadvantages of Grammar Translation Method?
- Need to be self motivated
- Not all students learn languages easily?
- Drill and Kill
- Not learner Centered
- Inability to speak the language fluently
- "If you don't use it you lose it"
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Audio Lingual Method based on what Ideology?
Behaviorist
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How is Audio Lingual method presented?
- Instructor presents correct model of sentence and students repeatedly say it.
- There is no explicit grammar instruction-everything is memorized.
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When was Audio Lingual Method dominant in US?
1940's to 1960's
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Why was the Audio Lingual Method invented?
- People saw problems with grammar based approaches
- 1. they did not develop the individual's oral language very well
- 2. they did not allow opportunity for practice of language.
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What are some objectives of the Audio Lingual Method?
- Accurate pronunciation and grammar
- Ability to respond quickly
- Accurately in speech situations
- Knowledge of sufficient vocab to use with grammar patterns
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How do you implement the Audio Lingual Method?
- Variety of drills and dialogues.
- Repetition
- 3 stage method: presentation, practice, production
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What is the procedure of Audio Lingual Method?
- 1. Students hear a model dialogue
- 2. Students repeat each line of the dialogue
- 3. Certain key words or phrases may be changed in the dialogue
- 4. Key structures from the dialogue serves as the basis for pattern drills of different kinds.
- 5. The students practice substitutions in the pattern drill.
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Teacher Role in Audio Lingual Method?
- Be sure all utterances are within practiced pattern.
- Keep Drills at a rapid speed to insure automaticity and establish a system.
- Ignore all but gross errors of pronunciation
- Drill material must be meaningful
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Students Role in Audio Lingual Method?
- Focus
- Conduct Drills rapidly
- Not to use native language
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What is the modern use of Audio Lingual Method?
- Rate of speech is slowed down
- Visuals and Manipulatives added
- More informal interaction
- More Wait time
- Complimentary to natural Approach
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Advantages to Audio Lingual Method?
- Student errors are corrected on spot
- Grammar taught inductively
- Fun for students
- Offers a change of pace from class routine
- Vocab presented at age appropriate level and controlled
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What is Negative Transfer?
Occurs when students transfer grammatical concept from native language that doesn't work the same way in second language
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Disadvantages of Audio Lingual Method?
- Not a good strategy for shy students
- Teacher training is a must before strategy is used
- Some drills may not work aw well as others
- If students fails to learn a drill they may shell up and give up
- Non-authentic use of language
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