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Mendel studied traits in peas that were controlled by just....
2 alleles
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Can traits be controlled by more than 2 alleles?
yes
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A trait that is said to be controlled by more than 2 alleles is called...
Multiple Alleles
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What is human blood type controlled by?
Multiple Alleles
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Which blood type is both recessive to A and B?
O
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What is the codominant blood type?
AB
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What is blood type determined by?
The type of antigen present on the surface of red blood cells
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O antigen produces what type of Antibodies?
AB
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AB Antigen produces what type of Antibodies?
O
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A Antigen produces what type of Antibodies?
B
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B Antigen produces what type of Antibodies?
A
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-
-
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AB antigens is...
AB blood
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Marker on outside of Red Blood Cells?
Antigen
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Fights off foreign Red Blood Cells
Antibodies
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What is the universal donor?
O blood
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What is the universal recipient?
AB blood
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Why is O blood the universal donor?
Due to the fact that there is no antigens on the surface of the red blood cells
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Why is AB blood the universal recipient?
Because they both have A and B antigens on the surface of the red blood cell
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Why is it important to know your blood types?
Your immune system could reject foreign blood cells. Therefore, transfusing foreign blood cells could be dangerous
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What is another word for Rh factor?
Rhesus monkey
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What is Colorblindness caused by?
Recessive Alleles
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Sex-linked disorder found only on the X chromosome
Colorblindness
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What is the percentages for Colorblindness in Males and Females?
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Why can't a male be a carrier for colorblindness?
You can't have more than one X for a male. Since they only have one X they can't be a carrier.
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What does the blood lack in Hemophilia?
Fibrinogen
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When does Polygenic Inheritance occur?
When many genes affect a particular trait
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Give examples of Polygenic Traits
- Skin color
- Eye color
- Height
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Dominant allele disorder
Huntington's disease
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Huntington's Disease:
Which chromosome is it?
What age do the symptoms start?
What is it mistaken for?
What is a symptom of it?
What is the result of this disease?
- #4
- 35-40 (middle age)
- Alcholism, Schizophrenia, & bipolar disorder
- Muscle paralysis
- Death (no known cure)
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How many people does Huntington's Disease affect?
1/50,000
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Which disease is Neurological degenerative disease?
Huntington
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Why is HH not possible in Huntington's disease?
There would be a spontaneous abortion because when the body recognizes that you have it, the body rejects the baby.
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Why can't Hh be a carrier in Huntington's Disease?
If you have a capital allele that just means you have it.
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Cystic Fibrosis:
Which chromosome?
What is the result of this disease?
What is the age for the result?
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Genetic Disorder caused by a build up of mucus in the lungs and digestive system
Cystic Fibrosis
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The most common genetic disorder that causes death in Caucasians?
Cystic Fibrosis
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A technique for loosening mucus in the airway sot hat it may be coughed out. The doctor taps on certain spots.
Postural Drainage
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What is PKU?
Phenlyketonuria
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PKU:
Chromosome #?
Affects how many Caucasians?
One symptom?
Result of this disease?
How can this disease be treated?
- #12
- 1/10,000
- Black urine
- Build up of proteins in the brain
- By a proper diet
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Disease caused by a person's inability to break down proteins
PKU
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Tay Sach's Disease:
Chromosome #?
How many Jewish are affected?
Results and age?
- #15
- 1/3,500
- Death 4-5 years old
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Disease that is fat accumulation in the brain
Tay Sach's Disease
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What are the Recessive Genetic Disorders?
(4)
- Cystic Fibrosis
- PKU
- Tay Sach's Disease
- Sickle Cell Anemia
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Individuals with Sickle Cell Anemia produce what?
Abnormal hemoglobin
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A protein found in the red blood cells
Hemoglobin
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What happens during Sickle Cell Anemia?
The abnormal hemogoblin molecules pack together to form rods. This causes red blood cells to become sickle shaped.
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Different severties of a disorder
Pleitrophy
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How is Sickle Cell Anemia favorable?
(2)
- 1. 10% of people with African ancestry carry the sickle cell allele
- 2. Heterozygous individuals are resistant to malaria
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Tools used to follow a trait through generations of families
Pedigrees
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Why do geneticists use pedigrees?
To determine the inheritance pattern of a trait
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