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What is the name of the floor of the 4th ventricle?
Rhomboid fossa
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What divides the pontine (upper) and medullar (lower) halves of the rhomboid fossa?
Striae Medullaris
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What divides the rhomboid fossa into right and left halves?
Dorsal median sulcus
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What divides the alar and basal plates?
Sulcus limitans
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What lies between plate lies between the dorsal median sulcus and sulcus limitans?
Basal plate (alar is more lateral)
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How many inches long is the spinal cord?
18
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Between what levels is the the cervical and lumbar enlargments?
- Cervical C5-T2
- Lumbar L4 - S3
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What levels do the splanic nerves exit?
T5 - T12
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What pathology is characterized by Ptosis, Anhydrosis, Miosis?
Horner's syndrome
PAM IS HORNEY
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What three layers are formed during gastrulation?
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Were is the notocord formed?
Mesoderm
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What is secreted by the notocord and what is formed?
The notocord secretes retinoic acid and Sonic hedgehog. They are secreted to the ectoderm to form the neural plate-->Neural groove--> Neural folds--> Neural crest cells (in that order)
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What foramen does CSF pass through from the lateral to the 3rd ventricles?
Interventricular foramina of monroe
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How does CSF exit the 4th ventricle?
- median magendie foramina
- two lateral luschka foramina
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what cistern connects the superior cistern with the interpeduncular cistern
ambiens cistern
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what disease is caused by the tonsils of the cerebellum herniating into the foramen magnum resulting in non-communicating hydrocephalus?
Arnold-Chiari malformation
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what disease may cause destruction of the arachnoid granulations?
meningitis
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What gland secretes mucus in the in which the cilia of the olfactory receptor cells are suspended?
Bowman's
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What cells are found in the olfactory bulb?
mitral cells
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What part of the thalamus do olfactory axons synapse?
dorsal medial thalamic nuclei
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what do cranial nerves III, IV, and VI all pass through?
lateral wall of cavernous sinus
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Where does the oculomotor nerve exit the brain stem?
Junction between midbrain and cerebral peduncle
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what runs through the ambiens cistern with the trochlear nerve???
- posterior cerebral artery
- Superior cerebellar artery
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Which ocular nerve does not pass through the tendinous ring?
trochlear nerve
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where is the nucleus of the abducens nerve found?
pontine part of the floor of the 4th ventricle
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Where does the abducens nerve exit the brain stem?
middle of the ponto-medullary junction
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what nerve(s) may be damaged if a patient presents with diplopia?
CN III, IV, VI
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What nerve is most likely damaged when a patient presents with ptosis?
oculomotor
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what foramen does the maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve pass through?
foramen rotundum
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What foramen does the mandibular division exit the skull through?
foramen ovale
(Mandible looks like a valley)
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where does the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve exit the skull?
superior orbital fissure
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what division of the trigeminal nerve carries efferent motor?
mandibular
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What glands does the facial nerve transmit parasympathetic fibers too?
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Where is the nuclei for the parasympathetic fibers of CNVII?
Superior Salivary nucleus
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What nerves are connected by the chorda tympani?
Lingual nerve and facial nerve
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Where is the primary auditory cortex located?
Area 41, 42 (middle portion of superior temporal gyrus)
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What nerve cranial nerve synapses in the otic ganglion??
CN IX glossopharyngeal nerve
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What gland does the otic ganglion communicate with?
Parotid Gland
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What is the only muscle supplied by CNIX?
Stylopharyngeus
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What is the only muscle of the tongue not supplied by the hypoglossal nerve and what nerve supplies it?
palatoglossus (pharyngeal plexus of vagus)
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What layers of the lateral geniculate body receive info from contralateral retinas and ipsilateral retinas respectively?
- 1,4,6 (Contralateral)
- 2,3,5 (ipsilateral)
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What forms the floor of the third ventricle?
Hypothalamus
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What part of the hypothalamus secretes ADH, oxytocin, and corticotropin-releasing hormone?
Paraventricular nuclei
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What disease results from degeneration of the caudate nucleus?
Huntingtons disease
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What CN innervates the lacrimal gland?
Trigeminal-Opthalmic-Lacrimal nerve
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What are the branches of the opthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve?
- Supratentorial (meningeal)
- Frontal
- - Supraorbital
- - Supratrochlear
- Nasociliary
- - Infratrochlear
- - Communication (para pterygopalatine ganglion
- Lacrimal
- - short and long ciliary
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What nerve is the ciliary ganglion attached to?
- Long and short ciliary nerve
- Opthalmic division of trigeminal
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What is the function of the otic ganglion
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