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kyleannkelsey
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What are advanced breast cancer symptoms?
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Which side of the breast is more commonly affected with breast cancer?
Left
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What is the most frequent site of breast cancer?
upper outer quadrant
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What are the two divisions of breast cancer?
- Noninvasive (carinoma in situ)
- Invasive
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Describe a non-invasive breast cancer
No performation of the basement membrans
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What is the prognosis for Noninvasive breast cancer?
Better
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Ductual carcinoma runs a very strong risk of what?
Developinginto invasive type with time
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What is the prognosis for invasive breast carcinoma?
Poor
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What is the most common type of breast cancer?
Invasive ductual carcinoma (70-80%)
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What is Invasive ductual carcinoma associated with?
Ductual carcinoma in situ
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What type of breast cancer has the worst prognosis?
Invasive ductual carcinoma
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A definative diagnosis for breast cancer requires what?
A biopsy
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Which is more common Invasive lobular or ductual carcinoma?
Ductual
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What is the common position for Invasive lobular carcinoma?
Muticentric and bilateral (10-20%)
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What percent of bresat cancers preseeting as a palpable mass have already spread to the lymph nodes?
40%
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Breast cancer spread can only involve the lymph nodes (T/F)?
- False, it can involve the muscle and skin too
- Can also metastisize in the lunsg, brain, liver and bone
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What mineral is noticable on a mammogram of ductual carcinoma in situ?
Calcium
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Calcifications are diagnostic of what type of cancer?
Ductual carcinoma in situ
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What histological arrangement is associated with Invasive lobular carcinoma?
Single file arrangement
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Is you see a single file arrangement in breast tissue, what disease is suspect?
Invasive lobular carcinoma
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What three featurs do pathologist use to asign a grade to Invasive ductual carcinoma?
- extent of the tumor
- mitotic count
- cell pleomorphism
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The extent of tumor formation, cell pleomorphism and mitotic count are all used to determine what?
The grade of Invasive Ductual carcinoma
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What system is used for staging of breast cancer?
TNM
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What are themost important prognositic factors for breast cancer?
- size
- grade
- histological type
- ER and PR status
- expression of Her 2 neu lymph node mets
- presence of distant disease
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size, grade, presence of distant disease, histological type, ER and PR status, expression of Her 2 neu lypn node mets are all used to:
Make a prognosis for breast cancer
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What is paget disease?
extension of DCIS into the skin of the nipple.
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What does pagets disease look like?
Exzema of the skin
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What do 50% of those with paget disease also have?
underlying invasive carcinoma
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Underlying invasive carcinoma is found in what percent of those with Paget disease?
50%
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How often should a woman over 40 be screen for Breast cancer?
Annually
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What type of screening should a woman have for breast cancer if she is over 40?
Mammogram and Clinical Breast exam
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At ages 20-39 women should have what type of breast exam and at what interval?
Clinical breast exam Approx. every three years
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Women 20 and over whould all have what type of breast screening?
Breast self-exam
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Breast self exam should always be done?
False, it is acceptable not to
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What can be accomplished my a mammogram?
- Early detection
- differntiation between benign and maligant
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How many views are taken for a mammogram?
2
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What is the follow up rate mammograms?
5-10%
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If a suspicious lesion is seen in a mammogram, what is the next step?
biopsy
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What reasons might breast cancer not be detected on a mammogram?
- cancer is small
- in a difficult to image area of the breast
- cacner is obscured by shadows
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What are areas of the breast that are not easy to image using a mammogram?
Axilla, underarm regions
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What is a "Triple Test"
- 1.) Clinical Breast exam
- 2.) Image test
- 3.) Non-surgical biopsy
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What types of non-surgical biopsy are available:
FNA and core biopsy
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What signs of Malignancy can be seen in FNA?
- increased cellularity
- cellular neoplasm
- pleomorphism
- loss of cohesion
- atypical mitosis
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What are the five means of treating breast cancer?
- Lumpectoy
- Masectomy
- Chemotherapy
- Radiation
- Hormonal therapy
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What is gynecomastia?
Enlagement of the male breast
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What is the term for enlargement of the male breast?
Gynecomastia
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What is the etiology of Gynecomatia?
- Excess estrogen in males
- Alcohol
- Anabolic steroids
- marijuana
- heroin
- cirrhosis
- estrogen secreting tumors
- Klinefelter syndrome
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What is the treatment for Gyecomastia?
- Supportive reassurance
- Rarely surgical
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Liver disease causes Gynecomastia in what way?
It reduced estrogen metabolism and lead to breast enlargement
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What gene is strongly associated with male breast cancer
BRCA 2
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At what rate does cancer invade surrounding tissues in males?
Much faster due to small breast size
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Why does male breast cancer invade surrounding tssues at a faster rate?
smaller breasts
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What is the prognosis for male breast cancer?
Similar in men as in women when matched for stage
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