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by early 1900's, what were nationalist movements doing in south east asia?
- they were taking root throughout southeast asia.
- they took pride in the history and traditions of their people
- they organized forces to win independence
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what happened in the russo-japanese war and what was the outcome?
- japan crushed russia
- japan overran most of southeast asia during WWII, from indochina to the phillippines
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what was significant about july 4, 1946?
filipinos celebrated independence from the US
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who did malaya gain independence from?
britain
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what problems did malaysia face once it gained its independence?
- 3 major ethnic groups
- 50% of the population are farmers and fishermen and were the poorest in the nation
- chinese and indians dominated business and professional fields
- inequality caused for social unrest in malaysia
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what problems did new nations of southeast asia face once they gained their independence?
- they had little experience with self government
- leaders were expected to unify multiply diverse groups in a single nation
- they also faced severe economic problems
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who were the huks in the philippines?
filipino communists who fought against the government
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why did the US get involved in the phillipines?
they feared a communist revolution
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who was ferdinand marcos?
president of the phillippines
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what is martial law and why was it implemented?
- temporary rule given to the military
- because marcos was faced with growing protests and social unrest
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who was benigno aquino?
a popular reformer
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what happened to benigno aquino and how did he impact the phillippines?
killed by marcos supporters which set off a chain of protests that forced marcos to hold elections in 1986.
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what happened in 1992 between the US and the phillippines?
american miliatry forces withdrew from the bases they had occupied
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why did the US withdraw from phillipine bases?
there was an agreement in place, but is also occured because many filipinos viewed these bases as symbols of colonial rule
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how did the US help the phillippines more recently?
they offered to send soldiers to the phillippines to help fight muslim separtists, as part of the war on terrorism
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who was considered "he who enlightens"?
ho chi minh
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what did ho chi minh do in versailles?
he called on france to grant independence to vietnam
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because of ho chi minh's disappointment from the developments at versailles, what did he do in response?
he helped to found the communist party in france
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why did communism appeal to many nationalist in vietnam?
because it rejected colonialsm
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when he returned to vietnam, what was ho chi minh's 2 goals?
- to build a communist movement
- win independence
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Ho and the nationaliasts formed what?
viet minh
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what tactics did the viet minh use against the japanese?
guerilla warfare
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what happened in 1946 in vietnam?
france set out to regain control of indochina
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how did the cold war impact vietnam?
- the soviet union and china supported ho's communist forces
- US supported the french
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domino theory?
if 1 nation fell to communist forces, neighboring nations would also become communist
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why did the french withdraw from vietnam and cambodia?
- the viet minh trapped a french army in dienbienphu forcing it to surrender
- withdrew under a peace agreement (geneva convention)
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what was the result from the geneva convention?
temporaily divided vietnam at the 17th parallel
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what were the main differences from north and south vietnam?
- ho chi minh and the communists controlled north
- ngo dinh diem ruled a noncommunist governemtn in south
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why did the US take a bigger role in vietnam?
vietcong expanded their power
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gulf of tonkin resolution?
- 2 american patrol ships in the gulf of tonkin claimed the north vietnamese gun boats attacked them.
- **gave pres power to take all necessary steps including force to help south vietnam
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how did the war in vietnam spread?
american buildup spread to laos and cambodia
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explain how vietnam was reunited?
communist forces surrounded saigon and the gov't surrendered
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what were the results of vietnam reuniting?
- communist gov't took over private businesses and farmlands
- renamed saigon to ho chi minh city
- year of war left vietnams economy in shambles
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Us put trade embargo on _____. Lifted it in ____
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who were the khmer rogue?
local communist guerillas, led by pol pot
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what country did the khmer rogue impact?
cambodia
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what were some of the tragedies that followed khmer rogue?
- they forced people out of cities and resettled them
- they tortured murdered anyone suspected of being disloyal
- genocide of 2 million people
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effects of war in south east asia?
- massive bombing destroyed villages and irrigation systems
- deadly chemical make the land unusable
- places like hong kong, thailand and other countries took refugees
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