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List how the spinal column is divided
- Cervical - 7
- Thoracic- 12
- Lumbar - 5
- Sacrum - 5
- Coccyx - 4
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Define Lordosis
Increased posterior concavity of lumbar and cervical curves
INWARD
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Define Kyphosis
Increased anterior concavity of thoracic curve
Outward
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Define Lumbar Kyphosis
reduction of normal lordotic curve
Flat back appearance (no curve)
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Define Scoliosis
Lateral curvatures or sideward deviations of the spine
S shaped spine
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Herniated disk occurs?
- Annulus fibrosus ruptures - nucleus pulposus leaks out form the center.
- applies pressure on the nerves surrounding
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Muscles of the head (anterior, posterior, lateral)
- Anterior (flexors)
- Rectus capitis anterior
- Longus capitis
- Posterior (extensors)
- Longissimus capitis
- Obliquus capitis superior
- Obliquus capitis inferior
- Rectus capitis posterior
- Major and Minor
- Trapezius, superior fibers
- Splenius capitis
- Semispinalis capitis
- Lateral
- Recuts capitis lateralis
- Sternocleidomastoid
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List muscle of Vertebral column (superficial, deep)
- Superficial
- Erector spinae (sacrospinalis)
- Spinalis - capitis cercicis, thoracis
- Longissimus - cervicis, thoracis, lumnorum
- Splenius cervicis
- Deep
- Longus colli -
- superior oblique, inferior oblique and vertical
- Interspinales
- Intertransversales
- Multifidus
- Psoas minor
- Rotators
- Semispinalis
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List the muscles of the Thorax
- Diaphram
- Intercostalis (ext & Int)
- Levator costarum
- Subcostales
- Scalenus (ant, Post, Medius)
- Serratus posterior (sup and Inferior)
- Transverse thoracis
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3 muscles, movements and exercises
Sternocleidomastoid
Both sides: ext head at atlantooccipital joint and flexion of neck
Right side: rotation to left and lateral flexion to right
Left side: rotation to right and lateral flexion to left
- exercises
- 4-way neck exercises
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3 muscles, movements and exercises
Spinalis (medial layer)
- Ext, lat flex, Ipsilateral rotation of spine and head
- Ant pelvic rotation
- Lat pelvic rotation to contralateral side
- exercises-
- bent over row, deadlift, hyperextension, pull up, rowing, squat
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3 muscles, movements and exercises
Longissimus (middle layer)
- Ext, lat flex, Ipsilateral rotation of spine and head
- Ant pelvic rotation
- Lat pelvic rotation to contralateral side
- exercises- bent over row, deadlift, hyperextension, pull up, rowing, squat
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explain Linea alba
Runes vertically from xiphoid process through umbilicus to pubis
divides each rectus abdominis
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explain Linea semilunaris
- Lat to each rectus abdominis
- crescent/moon shaped
- runs vertically and rep the aponeurosis that connects lat border of rectus abdominis to med border of ext and int obliques
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explain Tendonous inscriptions
- horizontal indentations
- segmented appearance
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