Cardiovascular system part 3

the gel that blood forms outside of the body

if blood clots too easily.  This can be the result. Clotting in an undamaged blood vessel

these factors include calcium ions Ca2+, several inactive enzymes that are synthesized by hepatocytes (liver cells) and released into the blood stream, and various molecules associated with platelets or damaged tissues

has fewer steps than intrinsic pathway and occurs rapidly. Thromboplastin leaks into the blood from cells outside blood vessels and initiates the formation of prothrombinase. Thromboplastin is released from the surfaces of damaged cells

more complex than the extrinsic and it occurs more slowly, usually requiring several minutes. Its activators are either in direct contact with blood or contained within the blood, outside tissue damage is not needed

the formation of prothrombinase marks the beginning of the common pathway

is the consolidation or tightening of the fibrin clot.  The fibrin threads attached to the damaged surfaces of the blood vessels gradually contract as platelets pull on them.

is responsible for four clotting factors

dissolves small, inappropriate clots; it also dissolves clots at a site of damage once the damage is repaired.

when a clot is formed an inactive plasma enzyme called this is incorporated into the clot

both body tissues and blood contain substances that can activate plasminogen to make plasmin, and active plasma enzyme

substances that delay, suppress or prevent blood clotting

an anticoagulant which blocks the action of several factors including prothrombin

an anticoagulant that is produced by mast cells and basophils, combines with antithrombin and increases its effectiveness in blocking thrombin

Blood clots may sometimes form within the cardiovascular system.

clotting in an unbroken blood vessel.  The clot itself is called a thrombus, may dissolve spontaneously

a blood clot, bubble of air, fat from broken bones, or a piece of debris transported by the blood stream

when an embolus lodges in the lungs

the surfaces of erythrocytes contain a genetically determined assortment of antigens composed of glycoproteins and glycolipids.