MIC 541-Exam 4- Antimicrobials 1 -3

What is Probenecid used for (as discussed in class)?

At what date did the current antibacterial discovery void begin?

What was the last major discovery in Antibacterials?

Lobar pneumonia has been greatly reduced, due to what type of discovery?

What two antibacterials that were used to reduce Lobar pneumonia were discussed in class?

Atacids decrease uptake of what drugs?

Acidic drugs and flouroquinilones are poorly absopbed under what conditions?

Kids can be treated like small adults in terms of absorbative abilities?

Geriatrics and children have what similar characteristic in terms of absorption:

What type of drugs enter the brain and humors of the eyes

uncharged non-polar drugs enter what body parts most effectively?

What rules should you follow to determine Placenta or Breast milk transfer?

In what drug state is elimination most likely to happen?

the most polar drug state is the one in which what is most likley to occur?

Where are uncharged drugs metabolized?

The liver is the site of metabolism (as a step in elimination) for what type of drugs?

Metabolism usually does what wo things to drugs?

What general body acitivity reduces drug toxicity and activity?

competition between similar molecules for a single enzyme type creates what?

Delayed elimination can be caused by what liver enzyme related occurance?

What year did the Sulfanilamide disaster take place?

What year did the Federal trade commission ban false advertising?

What year was the pure food and drug act put into place?

What was the coverage of teh pure food and drug act?

What Act required saftey as a prerequisite for sales?

What year was the food drug and cosmetic act put into place, requiring drug saftey to be proven?

When was the Keefauver and Harris Amendment passed?

The Keefauver and Harris Amendment required what new characteristic of drugs?

What amendment (and year it was passed) was responsible for enforcing drug saftey and efficacy?

What is the total estimated time for developing a new antibiotic?

What phase of drug develpment takes the longest on average?

FDA review of new drug application takes approximately how long?

What is the shortest phase (and the approx. time in years) of clinical drug trials?

Phase II of drug trials takes approx. how long?

How long are preclinical studies performed before filing with the FDA?

How long does it take to get to NDA filing in the new drug development process?

What is the first step in the process of developing a new drug?

What ways do we commonly perform Drug Discovery?

What is the purpose of Soil Screening?

What is the first step in drug development?

What are three components of preclinical trials as outlined in lecture?

Animal studies for toxicity and efficacy, large scale production and in vitro potency studies are performed during what stage of drug development?

What is the term for the initial FDA filing for a New drug?

Phase I of drug clinical trials includes what aspects?

Pharmacology, dosage studies and toxicity studies are performed during what stage of clinical trials?

What stage of clinical trials includes small groups of humans to obtain data on efficacy and saftey?

Phase II of clinical trials includes what type of studies?

Phase III studies include what type of testing?

Which phase of clinical trials is extensive and large scale, focusing on infections taht the drug will likely be indicated for?