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Primary role of Urinary system for homeostasis is to.....
Regulate Extracellular Fluid Volume and Osmolarity
Maintain Ion and Ph Balance
Function of the urinary system is to remove, wastes, foreign substances and excess nutrients such as.....
1. Urea, Urobilinogen, Urates, Uric Acid, and Creatinine & Creatine
Function of the urinary system for hormones and enzymes include....
Erythropoietin
Prostoglandins
Renin
Help convert Vit D into a hormone or active form.
Kallikrein
Thromboxane
What is micturation?
Stimulated by?
Storage of urine and urination
Stimulated by parasympathetic nerves to the detrusor muscle
THe kidneys use four major processes to control the composition of blood, what are they?
GLomerular Filtration
Tubular Reabsorbtion
Tubular Secretion
Excretion
What are the three layers of the Ureters?
Innermost to outermost
Tunica Mucosa
Tunica Muscularis
Fibrous
Ureters carry out _________ and stimulated by ........
Peristalsis
Stimulated by the sympathetic nervous system
What are the 3 layers of the Urinary Bladder?
Tunica Mucosa (EPithelial layer)
Submucosal Layer (Loose Connective tissue)
Muscular Layer (which includes detrusor layers)
PCT has...............
____% of reabsorbtion occurs here
Cuboidal epithelium & Microvilli
80%
Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT) has.......
___% of reabsorbtion occurs here
Cuboidal Epithelium & Microvilli
18%
Loop oh henle has.....
Squamosal epithelium
Thick a& thin Descending limb
Thin Ascending Limb
What type of epithelium are the collecting duct and papillary duct comprised of?
Has ____ & _____ Cells.
Dumps into ____ _____
Mostly Columnar Epithelium
Has Principle & Intercalated Cells
Dumps into the minor Calyces
What do JG cells secrete when stimulated by the _____ _____ located in the _______.
Secrete renin when stimulated by the macula densa located in the DCT.
What are the 2 types of nephrons?
Cortical - Which dont penetrate the medulla
Juxtamedullary - Do penetrate the medulla
Bowmans capsule & GLomerulus
Outer Layer =
Inner Layer = _______ contains....
What can contract to close filtration slits?
OL = Parietal - Simple Squamous Epithelium
IL = Visceral - Contains:
Podocytes w/ filt slits/pores w memb stretched across the pores.
What can close/open filtration slits? Pedicels
Approx how long are the ureters?
10 - 12 inches
What two processes aid or influence the filtering process?
Filtering COefficient (how wholy filt memb is)
A difference in pressures cause filtration.
What 3 things wont filter????
Formed elements (ex)
Large Proteins
Conjugates of proteins (things that attach to it)
Pressure formula =
P = pGC - pBC - pieGC
What is the net pressure pushing out of the glomerulus?
What it filtration coefficient in males? What it filtration coefficient in females?
What is glomerular filt rate in males per min? What is glomerular filt rate in females per min?
10 - 16mm Hg
filtration coeficient (Kf) in males? 12.5mmHg
filtration coeficient (Kf) in females? 10 mmHg
Male Glomerular Filtration Rate = 125mL/min
Female Glomer. Filtration Rate=115mL/min
GFR = Net Filtration x Kf
How many % of filtrate do we excrete everyday?
1-2L Day, rest gets reabsorbed
How much urine is produced per min for an average healthy person?
hr?
day?
1.25 mL/min
75 mL/hr
1.8L/day
Drops as we age
Factors that affect filtration rate:
Increase resistance of the afferent arteriole
Increase resistance of the afferent arteriole
Increase resistance of the afferent arteriole
Increase resistance of the afferent arteriole