The flashcards below were created by user
kyleannkelsey
on FreezingBlue Flashcards.
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How is red man syndrome caused?
To fast of a vancomycin infusion
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What XDR TB?
Extremely drug resistant TB
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What are the bacterial ribosomal subunit sizes?
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What are the ribosomal subunit sizes in humans?
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Aminoglycosides include what three major antibiotics?
- Gentamicin
- Tobramycin
- Amikacin
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What ways are Gentamicin, Tobramycin and Amikacin administered?
IM and IV
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the ending -micin implies what?
Synthetic Aminoglycoside
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The ending -mycin implies what?
Natural Aminoglycoside (produced by an organism)
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What ending means "synthetic aminoglycoside"?
-micin
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What ending means "natural aminoglycoside"
-mycin
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Amikacin is not as potent as what?
Tobramycin and Gentamycin
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Why is Amikamycin used?
It has a different resistance spectrum than gentamicin and Tobarmyin
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What is the downside of Streptomycin?
Very toxic
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What can Streptomycin be used for?
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When treating with neosporin, what should you be aware of?
Neomycin is in the formulation and can enter the body causing toxic effects
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What aminoglycoside should mostly be usedused topically due to toxic effects?
Neomycin
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Aminoglycosides are used in combination with penicillins synergistically to treat what?
Enterococcal endocarditis
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Enterococcal endocarditis requires what antibiotics?
An aminoglycoside and Penicillin
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What physical features does an Aminoglycoside have?
- Amine groups
- Cyclic sugars
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What antibiotic group is made of cyclic sugars and amine groups?
Aminoglycosides
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What determines potency of an aminoglycoside?
Amine groups
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What indicates greater toxicity in Aminoglycosides?
More amine groups
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What is the spectrum of Aminoglycosides?
Very broad against Gram + and - bacteria
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What makes Aminoglycosides unique?
They are Bactericidal not bacteriostatic like other protein synthesis ihibitors
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What is the mechinism of Aminoglycoside?
Protein synthesis inhibitors
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What is the mechanism of Bactericidal activity for Aminoglycosides?
- Not known
- We know they disrupt the membrane, causing lysis, but we don't know why this happens
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Why do we not know why Aminoglycosides have bactericidal activity?
It happens too quickly
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The action of Aminoglycosides is growth phase dependant or independent?
Independent
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What are the mechanisms of resistance to Aminoglycosides?
- inactivating enzymes
- Efflux (reduced accumulation)
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What is the toxicity relative level of Aminoglycosides?
- Very toxic
- Toxicity is only a little above the therapeutic level
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What type of toxic effects do Aminoglycosides have?
Ototoxic and Nephrotoxic
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What ototoxic route of toxicity is taken by Aminoglycosides?
8th cranial nerve is damaged
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What should you be monitoring during Aminoglycoside use?
Renal function and Aminoglycoside levels
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Aminoglycosides are accumulative, what does this mean?
- You can carry the Aminoglycosides in your body for a lifetime.
- The quantity in your body keep sbuilding up
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What was Spectinomycin used for?
Penicillin resistant-Gonorrhea
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What type of general antimicrobial activity does Spectinomycin have?
Bacteriostatic
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Why might we have to go back to using Spectinomycin?
Extremely resistant Gonorrhea strains
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What Aminoglycoside is an Aminocyclitol?
Spectinomycin
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What is the injection amount of Spectinomycin for males?
2 gram
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What is the injection amount for Spectinomycin for females?
1 gram
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Spectinomycin is not good for people with repeated STDs?
It causes renal disease, so can't use repeatedly
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What are the four Inhibitors of protein synthesis that are bacteriostatic?
- Tetracyclines
- Macrolides
- Chloramphenicol
- Lincosamides
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Lincosamides, Chloramphenicol, Macrolides and Tetracyclines are all similar in that they attack what cellular component?
Ribosomal subunits
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Lincosamides, Tetracyclines, Macrolides and Chloramphenicol all are similar be cause they have what general antimicrobial activity?
Bacteriostatic (usually)
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