Chapter 4

The intensity, direction, and persistence of effort a person shows in reaching a goal.

• Every human being has 5 needs.
• Physiological
• Safety
• Social
• Esteem
• Self-actualization

• Alderfer argued that there are three groups of core needs.
• Existence
• Relatedness
• Growth

A theory that relates intrinsic factors to job satisfaction and associates extrinsic factors with dissatisfaction.

Achievement, power, and affiliation are three important needs that help explain motivation.

• The theory that individuals act depending upon their evaluation of whether their effort will lead to good performance, whether good performance will be followed by a given outcome, and whether that outcome is attractive to them.
• Expectancy
• Instrumentality
• Valence

• Specific
• Measureable
• Attainable
• Results-oriented
• Time-bound

belief that one is capable of performing a task. Higher the self-efficacy, the more confidence you have in your ability to succeed in a task.

• Individuals compare their job inputs and outcomes with those of others, and then respond so as to eliminate any inequities.
• Gender
• Length of Tenure
• Level in the Organization and amount of education

• Distributive Justice: perceived fairness of outcome.
• Procedural Justice: perceived fairness of process used to determine outcome.
• Interactional Justice: perceived degree to which one is treated with dignity and respect

Offering extrinsic rewards for work effort that was previously rewarding intrinsically will tend to decrease the overall level of a person's motivation,.

the degree to which a person's reasons for pursuing a goal is consistent with the person's interests and core values.