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kyleannkelsey
on FreezingBlue Flashcards.
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What does pharmacologically better mean?
Better absorption and tissue distribution
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What is the hal-life of Clarithromycin/Azithromycin?
68 hours
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What protein synthesis inhibitor has a half life of 68 hours?
Azithromycon and Clarithromycin
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What are advantages of Clarithromycin and Azithromycin over Erythromycin?
- Better pharmacologically
- Better oral absorption
- longer half life of elimination
- less gastric disturbances
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What protein synthesis inhibitor leaves an unpleasant taste in the mouth (metallic)?
Clarithromycin
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Erythromycin has what adverse effect?
Upset stomach in some
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What is the spectra of activity for Azithromycin?
- H. influenzae
- Mycobacteria
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Does Clarithromycin have improved H. influenzae action?
No
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What are the downsides of Azithromycina nd Clarithromycin?
More expensive
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What are the two mechanisms of Macrolide resistance?
- Modification of antibiotic transport
- Modification of target
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Which type of Macrolide resistance is inducible?
Modification of antibiotic transport
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Which type of Macrolide resistance is constitutive?
Modification of the target
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What macrolide resistance mechamisn provides only moderate resistance?
Modification of antibiotic transport
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What macrolide resistance mechanism provides a high level of resistance?
Modification of the target
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What is the modfaction made to modify the target (to create macrolide resistance)?
Methylation of ribosomal subunit
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What is the spectrum of Chloramphenicol?
Broad
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What inhibitor of protein synthesis is lipid soluble?
Chloramphenicol
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Why can Chloramphenicol access the humors of the eye and CSF well?
It is lipid soluble
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What is a good protein synthesis inhibitor for meningitis for penicillin allergic patients?
Choramphenicol
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Chormaphenicol antagonizes what what other general type of drugs?
Bactericidal
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What specific bacteria does chloramphenicol have action against?
- H. Influenzae
- S. pneumoniae
- N. Meningitidis
- Salmonella typhi
- Bacteriocides fragilis
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What antibiotic can be used for very serious conditions of Salmonella typhi and Bacteriodes fregilis?
Chlormaphenicol
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What are the adverse effects of Chloramphenicol?
- Fatal aplastic anaemia
- Shut down bone marrow and kills
- Gray baby syndrome
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What are the predictable factors taht predispose a patient to Chloramphenicol adverse reactions?
None = idiosyncratic
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What time period do adverse reactions to chloramphenicol occur?
Any time, even when not taking the drug
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What protein synthesis inhibitor can cause Haematological abnormalities?
Chloramphenicol
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What drug can cause aplastic anemia, gray baby syndrome and Fatality ?
Chloramphenicol
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What is Gray baby syndrome?
underdeveloped liver leads to free drug accumulation and the baby turns gray
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What symdrome causes green stools and gray skin in infants?
Chloramphenicol
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What proportion f babies die once showing signs of Gray baby Syndrome?
40%
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What are the 2 types of Haematological toxities?
Suppression and Aplasia
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Chloramphenicol causes problems in most patients (T/F)?
False
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Licomycin was discovered where?
soil in nebraska
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Clindamycin is related to lincomycin how?
It is a synthetic derivative
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Clindamycin can commonly cause what deadly problem?
pseudomemranous colitis due to Clostridium Difficle
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What drug can cause pseudomembranous colitis by C. difficile?
Clindamycin
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Is Clindamycin and alternative for Erythromycin?
No, not an alternative
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Clindamycin is used by what group instead of Erythromycin?
Dentists
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What conditions do you use Clindamycin?
- Bacteriodes fragilis
- CHRONIC staphylococcal osteomyelitis
- Community acquired MRSA
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What antibiotic would you use to treat community aquired MRSA, CHRONIC staphylococcal osteomyelitis and Bacteriodes fragilis?
Clyndamycin
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What is Glycycline a derivative of?
minocycline
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What is Tigecycline a derivative for?
minocycline
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What bacteria are susceptible to Tigecycline?
- MRSA
- VRE
- Acinetobacter
- Enterobacteriacease
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What is the general spectrum of Tigecycline?
Very good Gram - and Gram +
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Tigecycline has good tissue infiltration (T/F)?
False, you get low tissue levels
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What should you not use Tigecycline against?
P. aeruginosa and Proteus
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