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MIC 541-Exam 4- Antimicrobials VI-3
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What does pharmacologically better mean?
Better absorption and tissue distribution
What is the hal-life of Clarithromycin/Azithromycin?
68 hours
What protein synthesis inhibitor has a half life of 68 hours?
Azithromycon and Clarithromycin
What are advantages of Clarithromycin and Azithromycin over Erythromycin?
Better pharmacologically
Better oral absorption
longer half life of elimination
less gastric disturbances
What protein synthesis inhibitor leaves an unpleasant taste in the mouth (metallic)?
Clarithromycin
Erythromycin has what adverse effect?
Upset stomach in some
What is the spectra of activity for Azithromycin?
H. influenzae
Mycobacteria
Does Clarithromycin have improved H. influenzae action?
No
What are the downsides of Azithromycina nd Clarithromycin?
More expensive
What are the two mechanisms of Macrolide resistance?
Modification of antibiotic transport
Modification of target
Which type of Macrolide resistance is inducible?
Modification of antibiotic transport
Which type of Macrolide resistance is constitutive?
Modification of the target
What macrolide resistance mechamisn provides only moderate resistance?
Modification of antibiotic transport
What macrolide resistance mechanism provides a high level of resistance?
Modification of the target
What is the modfaction made to modify the target (to create macrolide resistance)?
Methylation of ribosomal subunit
What is the spectrum of Chloramphenicol?
Broad
What inhibitor of protein synthesis is lipid soluble?
Chloramphenicol
Why can Chloramphenicol access the humors of the eye and CSF well?
It is lipid soluble
What is a good protein synthesis inhibitor for meningitis for penicillin allergic patients?
Choramphenicol
Chormaphenicol antagonizes what what other general type of drugs?
Bactericidal
What specific bacteria does chloramphenicol have action against?
H. Influenzae
S. pneumoniae
N. Meningitidis
Salmonella typhi
Bacteriocides fragilis
What antibiotic can be used for very serious conditions of Salmonella typhi and Bacteriodes fregilis?
Chlormaphenicol
What are the adverse effects of Chloramphenicol?
Fatal aplastic anaemia
Shut down bone marrow and kills
Gray baby syndrome
What are the predictable factors taht predispose a patient to Chloramphenicol adverse reactions?
None = idiosyncratic
What time period do adverse reactions to chloramphenicol occur?
Any time, even when not taking the drug
What protein synthesis inhibitor can cause Haematological abnormalities?
Chloramphenicol
What drug can cause aplastic anemia, gray baby syndrome and Fatality ?
Chloramphenicol
What is Gray baby syndrome?
underdeveloped liver leads to free drug accumulation and the baby turns gray
What symdrome causes green stools and gray skin in infants?
Chloramphenicol
What proportion f babies die once showing signs of Gray baby Syndrome?
40%
What are the 2 types of Haematological toxities?
Suppression and Aplasia
Chloramphenicol causes problems in most patients (T/F)?
True
False
False
Licomycin was discovered where?
soil in nebraska
Clindamycin is related to lincomycin how?
It is a synthetic derivative
Clindamycin can commonly cause what deadly problem?
pseudomemranous colitis due to Clostridium Difficle
What drug can cause pseudomembranous colitis by C. difficile?
Clindamycin
Is Clindamycin and alternative for Erythromycin?
No, not an alternative
Clindamycin is used by what group instead of Erythromycin?
Dentists
What conditions do you use Clindamycin?
Bacteriodes fragilis
CHRONIC staphylococcal osteomyelitis
Community acquired MRSA
What antibiotic would you use to treat community aquired MRSA, CHRONIC staphylococcal osteomyelitis and Bacteriodes fragilis?
Clyndamycin
What is Glycycline a derivative of?
minocycline
What is Tigecycline a derivative for?
minocycline
What bacteria are susceptible to Tigecycline?
MRSA
VRE
Acinetobacter
Enterobacteriacease
What is the general spectrum of Tigecycline?
Very good Gram - and Gram +
Tigecycline has good tissue infiltration (T/F)?
True
False
False, you get low tissue levels
What should you not use Tigecycline against?
P. aeruginosa and Proteus
Author
kyleannkelsey
ID
213570
Card Set
MIC 541-Exam 4- Antimicrobials VI-3
Description
MIC 541-Exam 4- Antimicrobials VI-3
Updated
4/15/2013, 3:01:14 AM
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