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tendency to see in oneself the characteristics of the disorder

• 1. not medical terms
• 2. when is individual no longer responsible for their behavior

• a "harmful disfunction" in which behavior is judged to be: 
• 1. atypical/disturbing: unusual behavior not shared by many in population/violates cultural std; disturbing to others 
• 2. maladaptive: disturbing to individual 
• 3. unjustifiable: irrational perceptual cognitive disfunctions; doesn't make sense to average person

not demon possesion; sickness of the mind caused by severe stresses

• 1. any illnesses can be diagnosed, treated, cured 
• 2. mental illness can be cured in treatment and therapy

• 1. psychoanalytic: because of conflict with id, ego and superego/ conflict not resolved in childhood 
• 2. humanistic: problem with self-esteem and self-concept/ people too sensitive to criticism 
• 3. cognitive: having abnormal thoughts or maladaptive thinking/misinterpret things 
• 4. behavioral/learning: basic observations ex: fear/ abnormal is learned, rewarded, reinforced 
• 5. psychophysiological: genetic factors, physical states, interpsychological states, 
• 6. sociocultural: environment affects culture

• 1. American Psychiatric Assocation's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
• 2. system for classifying psychological disorders 
• 3. describes disorders and preventance without presuming to explaining cause 
• Axis I: major disorders 
• Axis II: personality disorders 
• Axis III: physical disorders that impact behavior 
• Axis IV: assesses the lebels of psychological stress that person experiences of the first 3 axises 
• Axis V: overall assessment of persons lebel of functioning

• facilitate preconcepions
•  1. bias preception of people's past and present behavior 
• 2. fairly estimating these individuals 
• 3. labels serve as self-fulfilling prophecy

being labeled schiophrenic, their normal behavior were seen as psychophranic disorder

tension and nerviousness and can include panic attacks and desire to escape

• 1. disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal
• 2. Freud: fre floating anxiety

• 1. anxiety disorder, a minutes- long episode of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking or other frighetening sensations
•  2. no reason sympathetic nervous system

anxiety disorder marked by a persistenet irrational fear and of a specific object or situation

particular situation/thing fear of objectintense fear that causes embarassmanet

anxiety disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts and/or actions

• 1. exposed to trauma, memories cause anxiety
• 2. involve flashbacks and nightmares
• 3. decrease ability to function

• 1. outward manifestion of internal conflict 
• 2. cognitive perspective-unrealistic thinking 
• 3. humanistic: gap between real self and i 
• 4. behavior: fear conditioning

1. extremes inappropriate disturbance of balance

1. low in spirit

• 1. mood disorder in which for no apparant reason, experiences two or more weeks of feelings of worthlessness
• 2. into deep unhappiness/suicidal thoughts/poor appetite, insomnia loss of interest in family and friends

1. mood disorder in which the person alternates bewteen the hopeless and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania

• 1. hyperactivity, wildly optimistic state
• 2. flight of ideas, confused speech

• 1. seasonal affective disorder- people suffer depression during certain times of the year
•  2. anger directed inward create intense moods

cognitive triad of depression-when depressed, neg views or self to neg. views of world to neg views of future come from learned helplessness

psychological issues expressed in bortly symptoms but no physical problem

physical complaint but unable to find cause away to get attention

inflict injury or injust toxins to produce symptoms that they are complaining about (munchaussen disorder: person makes other people seem sick in order to get attention)

• - Freud: hysteria
• - trauma is changed to a symbolic, physical disfunction ex: hysteria, blindness/hysterical paralysis

person appears to experience a sudden loss of memory/change in identity

• physical/organic: blunt force trauma anterograde: no how
• retrograde: lose old psychogeic
• amnesia: memory from trauma dissappear

person dissconnects from his/her life and changes identity and enviroment for a period of time (last rarely more than 1 month)

• 1. two or more distinct identities that alternately control the person's behavior
• 2. original personality unaware of others
• 3. no set #/random/personality can be the opp

history of very upsetting/traumatic influences that cause these behaviors type of post traumatic disorder

1. loss of contact with/inability to recognize reality adolescents and early adulthood

• 1. group of severe disorders characterized by disorganized and delusional thinking symptoms:     1. pos: hallucinations, disorganized, deluded in their talk, inappropriate laughter, tears, or rage/presence "word salads"                   
• 2. neg: toneless voices, mute and rigid bodies

• 1. paranoid: preoccupation with delusions often with themes of persecution or grandiosity/suspiciousness
• 2. disorganized: disorganized speech or behavior, flat or inappropriate affet
• 3. catatonic: immobility for excessive, purposeless movement, parrotlike repeating of another's speech of movement
•  4. undifferenated: many and varied symptoms 5. residual: withdrawal, after hallucinations and delusions

• 1. abnormal low brain activity; increase receptors for neutotransmitters dopamine 
• 2. enlarged fluid fill area in brain 
• 3. prenatal problems 
• 4. marijuana use 
• 5. enviormental factors from 5th chromosome causes: 
• 1. develops from social inadiquery chronic/progress schizophrenia 
• 2. acute/reactive schizophrenia 
• 3. rapid in response to particular life stress

inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning

relies too much on attention and health on others

fearful sensitivity to rejection

eccentric behaviors like social disengagement

person feels persecuted and distressed/ suspicious of others

exaggerate their own importance

dramatic/impulsive behavior

• unstable identity, unstable relationships, and unstable emotions 
• 2. manipulative/wrong-quick to anger

• 1. exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward family and friends 
• 2. view world as hostile and look out for themselves
• 3. disregard rights/interests of people

a. paraphilias: people sexually attractive to find sexually attractive to thing not seen as normal b. eating disorders: anorexia, bulimia, obesity c. substance abuse disorders: using sub. negatively change life d. developmental disorders: deficants from typical social development