Digestion

The _________, or the ________ tract, is the continuous muscular digestive tube that winds through the body digesting and absorbing food. 

The organs of the alimentary canal include:

Accessory digestive organs include:

_________ moves food through the alimentary canal and includes both swallowing and peristalsis 

__________ is the passage of digested end products from the lumen of the GI tract through the mucosal cells into the blood or lymph

Controls of the digestive activity are both 

The ____________ ___________ covers the external surfaces of most of the digestive organs, and the ________ _____________ lines the body wall of the abdominopelvic cavity

the __________ cavity is located between the visceral and parietal peritoneums and is filled with serous fluid

___________ is a double layer of peritoneum that extends to the digestive organs from the body wall. It allows blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves to reach the digestive organs and holds the organs in place as well as stores fat

______________ organs are found posterior to the mesentery, lying against the dorsal abdominal wall

The ___________ circulation serves the digestive system and includes those arteries that branch off the abdominal aorta to serve the digestive organs and the hepatic portal circulation

The _______ is the innermost, moist, epithelial membrane that lines the entire digestive tract. It secretes mucus, digestive enzymes, and hormones; absorbs digestive end products into the blood; and protects against infectious disease

________ is a moderately dense connective tissue layer of the digestive tract that contains blood and lymphatic vessels, lymphoid follicles, and nerve fibers. 

_______ ______ typically consists of smooth muscle and is responsible for peristalsis and segmentation

______, the protective outer layer of the intraperitoneal organs, is the visceral peritoneum

The alimentary canal has its own _____ supply made up of enteric neurons

The mouth is a _________ _______ epithelial mucosa-lined cavity

The adult stomach varies from _____ long

The major regions of the stomach include 

The lesser and greater ___________ help to tie the stomach to other digestive organs and the body wall

The surface epithelium of the stomach mucosa is a _______ ________ epithelium composed of goblet cells, which produce a protective two-layer coat of alkaline mucus

Gastric juice may be composed of

Gastric secretion happens in there phases

What allows the stomach to accommodate food and maintain internal pressure?

What establishes the stomach's basic electrical rhythm of peristaltic waves?

The small intestine has what to help with absorption?

The intestinal crypts are also known as 

THe ________ _______ secrete intestinal juice that serves as a carrier fluid for absorbing nutrients from chyme

liver lobules are made of 

the gallbladder contracts when stimulated by _________. This allows bile to enter the small intestine 

The pancreas is 

Secretion of pancreatic juice is regulated by local hormones and the 

Food takes _______ hours to complete its digestive path through the small intestine 

_______ is the most common motion of the small intestine 

The large intestine absorbs ____ from indigestible food residues and eliminates them as feces

The large intestine exhibits three unique features

THe large intestine has the following subdivisions

The movements in the large intestine include

Chemical digestion in accomplished by enzymes, secreted by ______ and _________ glands of the alimentary canal, used in hydrolysis reaction

_________ are simple sugars that are absorbed immediately

_______ are composed of two monosaccharides bonded together

The digestible polysaccharide found in the diet is _____; other polysaccharides, such as _______, are not able to be broken down by humans

______, secreted by the chief cels, begins the chemical digestion of proteins in the stomach

_____ is produced in infants and breaks down milk proteins 

________ enzymes, such as trypsin and chymotrypsin, further break down proteins in the small intestine 

The brush border enzymes _________, __________, and _________ work on freeing single amino acids in the small intestine

The small intestine is the sole site for _____ digestion

______ are secreted by the pancreas and are the enzymes that digest fats after they have been pretreated with bile

__________ are hydrolyzed to their nucleotide monomers by pancreatic nucleases present in pancreatic juice

Most absorption is complete before the chyme reaches the 

Monoglycerides and free fatty acids of lipid digestion become associated with bile salts and lecithin to form ______, which are necessary for lipid absorption 

What are transported actively across the epithelium by special transport carriers in the villus epithelium

The large intestine absorbs vitamins

Calcium and iron are absorbed in the 

_______ is the most abundant substance in chyme and 95 % of it is absorbed in the small intestine by osmosis

________ of nutrients can result from anything that interferes with the delivery of bile or pancreatic juices, as well as factors that damage the intestinal mucosa