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Which transition in a hydrogen atom emits the shortest wavelength photon?
n=6 to n=1
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What is the threshold wavelength in the photoelectric effect?
Such wavelength that wavelength shorter than it will eject electron
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Diameter of a nucleus is approximately ______ times smaller than the diameter of atom.
10000
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What is the Heisenberg uncertainty principle?
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The wavelength of blue light is approx. ___, green light ___, and red light ___ (in nm).
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How many electrons can be put on orbitals having main quantum number n=4?
32
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The principle (or main) quantum number is 2. What orbitals are possible for this quantum number?
2s and 2p
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What is the Aufbau Principle?
electrons fill orbitals starting at the lowest possible energy levels before filling higher levels (e.g. 1s before 2s).
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What is the Pauli Principle?
no two identical fermions (particles with half-integer spin) may occupy the same quantum state simultaneously
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What is the Hund's Rule?
electrons fill degenerate orbitals (i.e. orbitals that have the same energy) in such a way as to have maximum number of unpaired spins
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Paramagnetic atoms or molecules must have ________ electrons.
unpaired
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Diamagnetic atoms or molecules are _______ by a magnet.
repelled
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The valence electron configuration of elements that have positive (or very small) electron affinity is _______.
group 2, ns2
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How can you tell which element is the most electronegative?
The one closest to phosphorus
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Which oxide is more acidic: carbon dioxide or sulfur trioxide?
sulfur trioxide
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Which positive metal cations have the same electron configuration as fluoride ion?
Na2+, Mg2+, Al3+
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What is the first law of thermodynamics?
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When the quantity is transferred from the system to surroundings, the sign should be ______.
negative
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When the quantity is transferred to the system from the surroundings, the sign should be _______.
positive
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A closed system can exchange:
energy but cannot exchange matter.
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An open system can exchange:
heat, work, and mass.
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What is Balmer's formula?
 - where n=3, 4, 5, and 6
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What is de Brogile's formula?
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What is the sequence of orbitals?
1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 5s, 4d, 5p, 6s, 4f, 5d, 6p, 7s, 5f, 6d, 7p
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Where are the elements with the largest atomic radii located on the periodic table?
bottom right
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Where are the elements with the largest ionization energies located on the periodic table?
bottom right
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Where are the elements with the largest electron affinity located on the periodic table?
group 17
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How do alkali metals react?
They are very reactive and react with water
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How do alkaline earth metals react?
Their reactivity increases with atomic number. Especially reactive with oxygen and halogens
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What is lattice energy?
energy that is required to completely separate one mole of solid, ionic compounds into ions in gas state
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What is electronegativity?
the ability to attract an electron
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What is N in a Lewis dot formula?
the number of the valence electrons needed to achieve noble gas configurations (2 for H, 8 for everything else)
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What is A in a Lewis dot formula?
the number of valence electrons available (look at group number)
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What is S in a Lewis dot formula?
- S= N - A
- S/2=number of bonds
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How do you find the formal charge of an atom?
FC=(number of valence electrons)-[(number of bonds)+(number of unshared electrons)]
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Determine the molecular geometry: AB2
linear
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Determine the molecular geometry: AB3
trigonal planar
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Determine the molecular geometry: AB2U
angular
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Determine the molecular geometry: AB4
tetrahedral
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Determine the molecular geometry: AB3U
trigonal pyramidal
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Determine the molecular geometry: AB2U2
angular
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Determine the molecular geometry: AB5
trigonal bipyramidal
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Determine the molecular geometry: AB4U
seesaw
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Determine the molecular geometry: AB3U2
T-shaped
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Determine the molecular geometry: AB2U3
linear
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Determine the molecular geometry: AB6
octahedral
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Determine the molecular geometry: AB5U
square pyramid
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Determine the molecular geometry: AB4U2
square planar
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What is the coefficient of M when the following equation is completed and balanced if M is an alkali metal?
M(s)+H2O(l) ->
2
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The principle quantum number of the first d subshell is ___.
3
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There are ____ unpaired electrons in a ground state fluorine atom.
1
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What color of visible light has the highest energy?
violet
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All of the _____ have a valence shell electron configuration ns1.
alkali metals
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The ability of an atom in a molecule to attract electrons is best quantified by the ______.
electronegativity
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