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What are the five categories of eukaryotic microbes?
- 1) Unicellular and multicellular protozoa
- 2) Fungi
- 3) Algae
- 4) Water Molds
- 5) Slime Molds
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Eukaryotic reproduction involves two types of divisions. What are they?
- 1) Nuclear division
- 2) Cytoplasmic division
(12, 340)
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Compare haploid vs diploid.
- A haploid is a nucleus with a single copy of each chromosome, and is also called a 1n nucleus.
- A diploid is a nucleus with two sets of chromosomes, and is also called a 2n nucleus.
(12, 340)
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What are the two types of nuclear division?
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What happens during interphase?
During interphase, the cell grows and replicates its DNA.
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What is mitosis?
Mitosis is the nuclear division of a eukaryotic cell resulting in two nuclei with the same ploidy (# of sets of chromosomes) as the original.
(12, 341)
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List and briefly explain the four phases of mitosis.
- 1) Prophase
- Cell condenses DNA molecules into visible threads called chromatids. Two identical sister chromatids are then joined together at a region called the centromere and form one chromosome. At the same time, a set of microtubules is constructed in the cytosol to form a spindle. This process typically takes place in the cytosol (the nuclear envelope will first disintegrate). However, some microbes maintain their nuclear envelopes and mitosis will occur in their nuclei.
- 2) Metaphase
- The chromosomes line up on a plane in the middle of the cell and attach their centromeres to microtubules of the spindle.
- 3) Anaphase
- Sister chromatids separate and crawl along the microtubules toward opposite poles of the spindle. Each chromatid is now called a chromosome.
- 4) Telophase
- The cell restores its chromosomes to their less compact, nonmitotic state, and nuclear envelopes form around the daughter nuclei.
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What is meiosis?
- Meiosis is the nuclear division of diploid eukaryotic cells resulting in four haploid nuclei.
- *This is used to produce sexual reproduction cells called gametes.
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What is cytokinesis?
Cytokinesis is the division of a cell's cytoplasm.
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What are coenocytes?
Coenocytes are multinucleate cells resulting from repeated mitosis but postponed or absent cytokinesis.
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What is schizogony?
- It is a type of reproduction performed only by certain protozoa. Multiple mitoses form a multinucleate schizont. Only then does cytokinesis occur, simultaneously releasing numerous uninucleate daughter cells called merozoites.
- *A body infected with this responds to the sudden release of the huge numbers of merozoites with the cyclic fever and chills characteristic of malaria.

(12, 343)
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What are the three characteristics that define protozoa?
- 1) Eukaryotic
- 2) Unicellular
- 3) Lack a cell wall
(12, 345)
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