Microbiology - Characterizing and Classifying Eukaryotes (Ch. 12)

• 1) Unicellular and multicellular protozoa
• 2) Fungi
• 3) Algae
• 4) Water Molds
• 5) Slime Molds

(12, 340)

• 1) Nuclear division
• 2) Cytoplasmic division

(12, 340)

• A haploid is a nucleus with a single copy of each chromosome, and is also called a 1n nucleus.
• A diploid is a nucleus with two sets of chromosomes, and is also called a 2n nucleus.

(12, 340)

• 1) Mitosis
• 2) Meiosis

(12, 340)

During interphase, the cell grows and replicates its DNA.

(12, 340-341)

Mitosis is the nuclear division of a eukaryotic cell resulting in two nuclei with the same ploidy (# of sets of chromosomes) as the original.

(12, 341)

• 1) Prophase
• Cell condenses DNA molecules into visible threads called chromatids. Two identical sister chromatids are then joined together at a region called the centromere and form one chromosome. At the same time, a set of microtubules is constructed in the cytosol to form a spindle. This process typically takes place in the cytosol (the nuclear envelope will first disintegrate). However, some microbes maintain their nuclear envelopes and mitosis will occur in their nuclei.
• 2) Metaphase
• The chromosomes line up on a plane in the middle of the cell and attach their centromeres to microtubules of the spindle. 
• 3) Anaphase
• Sister chromatids separate and crawl along the microtubules toward opposite poles of the spindle. Each chromatid is now called a chromosome.
• 4) Telophase
• The cell restores its chromosomes to their less compact, nonmitotic state, and nuclear envelopes form around the daughter nuclei.

(12, 341)

• Meiosis is the nuclear division of diploid eukaryotic cells resulting in four haploid nuclei.
• *This is used to produce sexual reproduction cells called gametes.

(12, 341)

Cytokinesis is the division of a cell's cytoplasm.

(12, 343)

Coenocytes are multinucleate cells resulting from repeated mitosis but postponed or absent cytokinesis.

(12, 343)

• It is a type of reproduction performed only by certain protozoa. Multiple mitoses form a multinucleate schizont. Only then does cytokinesis occur, simultaneously releasing numerous uninucleate daughter cells called merozoites. 
• *A body infected with this responds to the sudden release of the huge numbers of merozoites with the cyclic fever and chills characteristic of malaria.

(12, 343)

• 1) Eukaryotic
• 2) Unicellular
• 3) Lack a cell wall

(12, 345)