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amino acid pool
constantly reclycling proteins and amino acids to be reused as something else
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What happens if u consume excess protein?
it will be converted into fat
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If you are starving what does protein get converted into?
glucose
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What is the best and easiest way to get protein?
Eating meat
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Whats the difference between meat protein and plant proteins?
you can get all essential proteins from meat, plant protein is incomplete except for soy.
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What is complimentary protein?
Together you get all that you need with 2 protein foods. ex: beans and rice = all amino acids
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What is the first thing that your body goes after for energy in wasting?
muscle tissue is broken down for energy
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What happens when you are deficient in protein?
Your body begins to waste
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Why would you go after muscle tissue?
mal nutrition (lack of protein), muscle wasting
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True or False.
You are more vulnerable to infections is you are deficient in protein.
True.
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What 2 things happen when you are protein deficient?
- 1. vunerable to infections
- 2. impairs digestion and absorption of nutrients
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Why is protein important for fighting infections?
make appropriate antibodies to fight off infections
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How many amino acids are there in the body?
20
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What are proteins made of?
sequences of amino acids linked by peptide bonds
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How are proteins identified?
- by their side chains:
- carbon, carboxylic acid, amino acid, and side group
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essential proteins
have to come from diet
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conditionally dispensible?
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What happens with the disease PKU?
Can't convert phynolalyine to make tyrosin, which means they have too much phynolalyine which affects the brain.
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What are the 2 shapes of protein strutures?
coil or pleated sheets that make up tertiary structures
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What determines the function of a protein?
The shape determines function. At the tertiary structure is the functional structure for majority of proteins.
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non-essential proteins?
proteins you can make in the body
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What is the first thing to happen to proteins in digestion?
they are denatured by uncoiling for enyzmes to break it down and makes it easier to absorb
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What can cause proteins to denature?
Temperature, pH level,...
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What are your motor proteins?
actin and myosin
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Collagen, keratin, and motor proteins are all examples of what?
structural proteins
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What are body functions of proteins?
Immunuization, enzymes, hormones with protein components, acid-base balance (free H ions), transport, maintain fluid balance
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How does the body use proteins to maintain acid base balance?
- amino acids can release or take on hydrogens
- (Take free hydrogens to make more alkaline)
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How can Edema can be affected by proteins
concentration of amino acids
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How much kcals for protiens?
4 kcal/g
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Where does digestion of proteins begin?
the stomach
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What does HCl acid do to the proteins?
denatures the protein
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____ is the active enzyme that breaks down protein. It comes from ____ when combined with HCl acid.
Pepsin. Pepsinogen.
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What is the percent of protein digestion that occurs in the stomach?
10-20%
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What are proteases?
protein enzymes
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subtle digestion occurs where?
small intestine
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what is the end product of protein digestion?
amino acids
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What type of transport is used to absorb amino acids?
active transport because cells have large amino acid pools compared to intestine lining.
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Celiac disease
Can't eat gluten
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Cyctic fibrosis and Celiac disease can be due to...?
problems with digestion
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What is the breakdown of amino acids?
protein and nitrogen excretion
- •Removes nitrogen (amino) group
- •Converts amino group to ammonia
- •Ammonia to liver for conversion to urea
- •Urea excretion via urine
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what is the recomended protein intake?
0.8 g/kg body weight
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proteins are precursors for other functions in the body such as...?
- neurotransmitters
- vitamins
- melanin
- glucose
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Having high protein diets can affect what organ?
kidneys
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Positive nitrogen balance
nitrogen intake is greater than nitrogen output
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growth and recovery of illness are examples of
A. positive nitrogen balance
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What is nitrogen equillibrium?
When nitrogen intake is equal to nitrogen output. Healthy adults.
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During injury and illness, nitrogen balance is..
B. negative
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Negative nitrogen balance means...
A. nitrogen intake < nitrogen output
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What can be a health benifit of being vegitarian?
- –Less fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol intake
- –More magnesium and folate
- –More antioxidants
- –More fiber and phytochemicals
- •Reduces risk for heart disease, obesity, hypertension, and cancer
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Having a high diet in protein can cause..
a. heart disease
b. cancer
c. obesity
d. mineral loss
e. strained kidney function
- a. heart disease
- b. cancer
- c. obesity
- e. strained kidney function
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