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hi! i'm not making ANY flashcards from the PowerPoint that are simply describing the placement of the arteries or their positions in relation to each other, just know the picture you have to draw and that should cover it. read the PP if you want more than that!! here's the pic:
 - draw and label the arteries on the left. label the circle of willis on the right. : )
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draw this. then label it.
- A. radial artery
- B. ulnar artery
- C. profunda brachial artery
- D. brachial artery
- E. anterior humeral circumflex artery
- F. axillary artery
- G. vertebral artery
- H. right subclavian artery
- I. right common carotid artery
- J. brachiocephalic artery
- K. left common carotid artery
- L. left subclavian artery
- M. aortic arch
- N. ascending aorta
- O. descending aorta (thoracic)
- P. right coronary artery
- Q. left coronary artery
- R. inferior phrenic artery
- S. abdominal aorta
- T. common hepatic artery
- U. celiac trunk
- V. gastric artery
- W. splenic artery
- X. left renal artery
- Y. right renal artery
- Z. superior mesenteric artery (SMA)
- 1. inferior mesenteric artery (IMA)
- 2. left common iliac artery
- 3. left external iliac artery
- 4. left common femoral artery
- 5. left internal iliac artery
- 6. median sacral artery
- 7. right common iliac artery
- 8. right internal iliac artery
- 9. right common femoral artery
- 10. profunda
- 11. femoral artery
- 12. popliteal artery
- 13. anterior tibial artery
- 14. posterior tibial artery
- 15. peroneal artery
- 16. dorsal artery (dorsalis pedis)
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label this:
- A. pontine arteries
- B. posterior communicating artery
- C. middle cerebral artery
- D. internal carotid artery
- E. anterior communicating artery
- F. anterior cerebral artery
- G. opthalmic artery
- H. anterior choroidal artery
- I. posterior cerebral artery
- J. superior cerebellar artery
- K. basilar artery
- L. anterior inferior cerebellar artery
- M. vertebral artery
- N. posterior inferior cerebellar artery
- O. anterior spinal artery
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name the two major components of the circulatory system:
- blood vascular/cardiovascular system
- lymphatic system
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list the major components of the cardiovascular/blood vascular system (7):
- heart
- arteries
- arterioles
- capillaries
- venules
- veins
- blood
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how thick are capillary walls?
only one epithelial cell in thickness
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how do veins keep blood moving back to the heart despite less much less pressure than arteries?
- they have valves to prevent backflow
- muscular action helps movement
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the circuit of blood that takes oxygenated blood to the organs and tissues:
systemic circulation
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the circuit of blood that takes blood to the lungs for carbon dioxide exchange and for the re-oxygenation of blood:
pulmonary circulation
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where does systemic circulation begin and end?
- begins: aorta, arising from the left ventricle
- ends: SVC and IVC, emptying into right atrium
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where does pulmonary circulation begin and end?
- begins: pulmonary trunk arising from the right ventricle; divides into right and left pulmonary arteries
- ends: four pulmonary veins emptying into left atrium
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how are arteries named?
according to their location
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how do pulmonary vessels differ from all other blood vessels?
- the pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood
- the pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood
- for all other vessels, oxygenated blood travels in arteries and deoxygenated blood travels in veins
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the vascular circuit that acts at the pathway of venous drainage from the abdominal viscera to the liver:
portal system
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where does the portal system begin and end?
- begins: in capillaries of abdominal viscera
- ends: in capillaries and sinusoids of the liver
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what occurs in the portal system?
blood is filtered in liver and exits via hepatic venous system into the IVC
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with systemic veins, a _________ set communicates with a ________ set before they converge at ________________.
- superficial
- deep
- a common trunk vein
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the base of the heart is located __________ and the apex of the heart is located _________.
- superiorly (and to the left)
- inferiorly (and to the right)
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the _________ side of the heart is the venous side.
right
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lines the inside of the heart:
endocardium
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the muscular wall of the heart:
myocardium (3x thicker on left)
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double-walled sac that encloses the heart:
pericardial sac
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three layers of the heart wall:
- endocardium
- myocardium
- epicardium/visceral pericardium
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central organ of the blood vascular system:
heart
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where is the heart located?
in the mediastinum
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space between the walls of the pericardial sac:
pericardial cavity
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what are the receiving chambers and what are the distributing chambers of the heart?
- atria (upper)
- ventricles (lower)
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what is the average length of the cardiac cycle?
.8 sec
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one phase of contraction (systole) and one phase of dilation (diastole):
cardiac cycle
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describe how the chambers relate to each other during pumping:
when the atria are in systole, the ventricles are in diastole and vice versa
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name the primary (largest) veins:
- superior vena cava (SVC)
- inferior vena cava (IVC)
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describe the path of blood flow through the heart:
- vena cava (superior and inferior)
- right atrium
- right atrioventricular valve/ tricuspid
- right ventricle
- pulmonary valve
- pulmonary arteries
- lungs
- pulmonary veins
- pulmonary semilunar valves
- left atrium
- left atrioventricular valve/bicuspid/mitral
- left ventricle
- aortic semilunar valve
- aorta
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the arteries that take blood the the head/brain:
carotid and vertebral arteries
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the arteries that take blood to the arms:
subclavian arteries
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give an alternate name for the brachiocephalic trunk:
innominate
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the arteries that supply the heart with oxygen and nutrients:
coronary arteries
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name the two main nerves to the heart:
- sympathetic
- parasympathetic
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name three basic function of the cardiovascular system:
- transportation of oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and chemicals necessary for normal body activity.
- removal of waste products through the kidneys and lungs
- maintenance of body temperature and water and electrolyte balance
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name the four components of the blood:
- red blood cells (erythrocytes)
- white blood cells (leukocytes)
- platelets
- plasma
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describe the vascular arches of the hand:
- one dorsal and two palmar arches are formed from the radial and ulnar arteries
- these arches supply metacarpal and digital branches to each hand
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supplies the posterior circulation to the brain:
vertebral artery
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describe the path of the vertebral arteries:
- they enter the foramen of the transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae
- then enter the skull through the foramen magnum and join each other
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supplies the anterior circulation to the brain:
internal carotid arteries
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supplies blood to the meninges, face, scalp, tongue, and neck:
external carotid arteries
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describe the path of the internal carotid arteries:
- enter cranial cavity by the carotid canal and foramen lacerum after splitting from external carotids at the level of C4
- divide into anterior and middle cerebral arteries to supply cerebellum
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supplies blood to the small intestine and proximal half of the large intestine, pancreas, and cecum:
superior mesenteric artery (SMA)
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supplies blood to half of the transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid, and most of the rectum:
- inferior mesenteric artery (IMA)
- (at L3)
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supplies the bladder, rectum, reproductive organs and pelvic muscles, including the left
uterine artery:
internal iliac arteries
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what are the two main divisions of the veins?
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describe the placement of the two main superficial veins of the leg:
- great/long saphenous: medial
- small/short saphenous: lateral
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how are veins named?
- deep veins accompany arteries and each one takes the name of the adjacent artery
- two deep veins accompany each artery below the knee
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describe the flow of blood through the veins of the lower extremities:
- dorsal vein of the foot
- peroneal (2)
- anterior(2) and posterior(2) tibial veins
- popliteal
- femoral vein
- two saphenous veins
- external and internal iliac vein
- common iliac vein
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formed by the union of the right and left common iliac veins opposite the body of the fifth lumbar vertebrae in the posterior lower abdomen:
inferior vena cava (IVC)
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name some of the main abdominal tributaries of the IVC:
- ovarian or testicular veins
- renal veins
- suprarenal veins
- phrenic veins (from the diaphragm)
- lumbar veins (four pairs, right and left)
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the portal vein is formed by the union of the:
- superior mesenteric vein
- splenic vein
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a vessel that lies in the upper posterior abdomen behind the head of the pancreas and is about three inches long:
inferior mesenteric vein
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the inferior mesenteric vein enters the liver at the:
porta hepatis
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extensive _____________ are present, especially between superficial and deep veins as well as between adjacent superficial or deep veins.
anastomoses
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name the main superficial veins of the upper extremities:
- cephalic vein
- basilic vein
- medial cubital vein
- median antebrachial vein
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describe the position of the cephalic vein:
runs along the lateral side of the forearm and arm, then joins the axillary vein (a deep vein)
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describe the position of the basilic vein:
runs along the medial side of the forearm and arm, then joins the brachial (deep) vein to form the axillary vein.
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a superficial vein located on the anterior surface of the elbow that is frequently used as an injection site:
median cubital vein
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describe the flow of blood through the veins of the upper extremeties
- (arterial arches of the hands)
- venous arches (superficial & deep)
- radial (2) and ulnar (2) veins
- brachial veins (2)
- axillary vein or superficial veins(cephalic, basilic, median antibrachial)
- subclavian vein (joins internal jugular)
- brachiocephalic/Innominate vein
- superior vena cava
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formed by the union of the right and left brachiocephalic (innominate) veins in the upper thorax:
superior vena cava (SVC)
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