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elby317
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What is the Axial Skeleton?
- Forms the longitudinal axis of the body;
- Supports and protects organ systems;
- Provides surface area for the attachment of muscles
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Bones in the axial skeleton
- (SSRS)
- Skull
- Spine
- Ribs
- Sternum
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Bones in the skull
- 29 total bones;
- Cranium bones
- Facial Bones
- Mandible
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Mandible
- jaw bone;
- serves as orienting landmark for palpating the carotid artery to assess pulse
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Bones in the spine
- (VIA)
- Vertebrae
- Intervertebral Disks
- Adult vertebral column
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How many and what kinds of vertebrae make up the spine?
- 33 total vertebrae
- 7 cervical
- 12 thoracic
- 5 lumbar
- 5 sacrum
- 4 coccygeal
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Coccyx
4 coccygeal vertebrae fused to form one bone that lies below the sacrum
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Cervical vertebrae
7 vertebrae of the neck
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Thoracic vertebrae
12 vertebrae of the midback
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Lumbar vertebrae
5 vertebrae of the lower back
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Sacrum
5 sacral vertebrae fused to make one bone that acts as trasition pointbetween the spine and pelvis.
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Intervertebral disks
- Round, flat, platelike structures composed of fibrocartilaginous tissue
- Disks
- - unite the vertebral bodies
- - serve to absorb shock and bear weight
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Parts of the Intervertebral disk
- (AN)
- Annulus Fibrosus
- Nucleus pulposus
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Annulus Fibrosus
outer, fibrocartilaginous portion of the intervertebral disk
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nucleus pulposus
inner gelatinous portion of the intervertebral disk
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What is the Adult vertebral column?
The 4 major curvatures of the adult spine in the sagittal plane
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What are the 4 curve types of the normal adult vertebral column?
- (CTLS)
- Cervical curve
- Thoracis curve
- Lumbar curve
- Sacral curve
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Kyphosis curve and examples
- Convexity of the curve is posteriorily directed
- - two primary curves of vertebral column (thoracic curve and sacral curve)
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Primary curve and examples
- Vertebral column curve that contains the same directional curvature as the spine in the fetus
- - Thoracic curve
- - Sacral curve
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Lordosis Curve and examples
- Convexity of the curve is anteriorly directed
- - 2 secondary curves of the vertebral column (cervical and lumbar)
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Secondary curve and examples
- Curves of vertebral column that develop after birth as infant progresses in weight and bearing
- - Cervical curve
- - Lumbar curve
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Abnormal curves in sagittal plane
- - Hyperkyphosis
- - Hyperlordosis
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Hyperkyphosis
exaggerated posterior thoracic curvature (hunchback)
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Hyperlordosis
Exaggerated anterior lumbar curvature
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Abnormal curve in the frontal plane
Scoliosis - lateral deviation in the frontal plane
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How many paris of ribs does the body have and what kinds?
- 12 pairs of ribs.
- - 7 pairs of true ribs
- - 5 pairs of false ribs
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True ribs
7 most superior ribs that attach directly to the sternum with costal cartilage
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False ribs
- 5 inferior pairs of ribs that do not attach directly with the sternum
- - top 3 indirectly attach via costal cartilage of adjacent superior ribs
- - bottom 2 are floating
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Intercostal spaces and function
- Spaces between the ribs
- - Palpation of the intercostal spaces of the true ribs is important for correct ECG electrode placement
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What is the Sternum and it's parts?
- Sternum lies in the midline of the chest
- - Manubrium (superior)
- - Body (middle)
- - Xophoid process (inferior)
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Sternal Angle
Slightly raised surface landmark where manubrium meets of the body of the sternum.
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Xiphoid Process and function
- Surface landmark situated at the bottom of the sternum and in the middle of the inferior border of the rib cage
- - Palpation of the xiphoid is necessary for CPR
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Manubrium function
Palpation of manubrium helps determine proper paddle placement in defibrillation.
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