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Moral Evil v. Natural Evil
- Moral evil: murder, something going against the Bible
- Natural evil: earthquakes or something of the sort
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Sin as Failure
when we are given the opportunity to do something good and don't
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Sin as Contradiction
- sin started with us not with God
- sin is the utter contradiction of God
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Sin as Negation of Good
- Sin is the absence of God
- lack of goodness
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Sin as irresponsibility
- God gave us authority and sin is not caring properly for that authority
- tree of knowledge was good because it taught us how to trust God and we failed
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Sin as Darkness, Foolishness, and Lies
- darkness: absence of light
- foolishness: absence of wisdom
- lies: absence of truth
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Sin as unnatural, falling short
- it is not intrinsically human to be sinful or else jesus wouldn't have been sinful
- we are always falling short of God's glory and that is the sin that Jesus showed us
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Original Sin
- Augustine
- Sin is transmitted biologically from human to human
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Ancestral Sin
Adam's sin is transmitted socially
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Sin as rebellion/alienation
- if relationships make us who we are, sin makes relationships what they shouldn't be
- adam and eve HID
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Sin as structural
- disorders natural way of life
- sexism, AGEISM, prejudice
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Sin as Demonic
- sin manifested as power
- we are able to enjoy authority given by God (good) but abuse of this authority is sin
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Sin as Satanic
- sin constructs 'worldly' and the ruler (Satan himself)
- Jesus OVERCOMES the world
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Corruption
- like rust: it breaks things down
- we are uncreating one another (think of sexual sin)
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Sin as personal
we become characterized by sin, we now become sinners not just people who sin
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Sin as inordinate love
- unbelief: inordinate love of certainty
- pride: inordinate love of self
- rebellion: inordinate love of freedom
- idolatry: inordinate love of creation
- sloth: inordinate love of rest
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Pelagius view of sin
- we are intact and able to choose from good and evil
- we just willfully act against God
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Augustine view of sin
- we are incapacitated but not destroyed by sin
- sin is a condition not just an accumulation of choices
- we are saved through God's gracious promises
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Double Predestination
- Augustine
- God chooses people to be saved and God chooses people to not be saved
- not accepted by the church
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Thomas Aquinas on Predestination
the church offers grace to everyone and those who accept it are the predestined
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Calvin on Predestination
affirms election and believes predestination is the end of Augustine's career
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5 Calvinist Claims
- TULIP
- total depravity
- unconditional election
- limited atonement
- irresistible grace
- perseverance of the saints
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Other people on predestination
- Barth: Jesus is the elect one
- Liberation theology: God favors the oppressed groups with whom Jesus shows solidarity
- Newbigin: election pertains to mission, not necessarily salvation
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Arminian Predestination
- predestination is conditional on a person's response
- Christ died for all but only those who believe are saved
- a person is unable to believe and needs God's grace for that
- God's grace is resistable
- we might be able to lose our salvation
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Soteriology
the study of salvation
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Jesus as Priest: Priestly Background
- Priests are worship leaders
- they represent God to the people and vice versa
- they are living sacrifices
- goal: contain sin
- problem: the OT cleanliness laws do not rid people of sin
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Jesus as Priestly Office
he doesn't need a sacrifice to atone for sins because He is the ultimate living sacrifice
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Jesus as Sacrifice in Priestly office
- sin becomes GUILT grace becomes FORGIVENESS
- propitiation:winning the father's mercy
- expiation: satisfying debt, repaying
- atonement as SACRIFICE
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Objections to Priestly Office
- feudalism: the King supports me because I work for Him (doesn't work bc if you don't hold up your end to Jesus, He still will)
- he doesn't come from a line of priests
- he doesn't sacrifice in a temple
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Jesus' priesthood today
- he still intercedes because he is still human
- he doesn't need to have been a levite because he is a NEW kind of priest
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Royal Office Background
- Before Judges there was no King, this was bad
- Rejected God as King
- God told Samuel there will be a King it will be full of taxes/slavery/war
- Saul: first king
- Solomon: splits the Kingdom
- David is a bad guy but repents so God likes him and promises Him his heir will build a temple that will last forever
- Dilemma: restore the Kingdom of David to the Kingdom of God
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Royal Office Jesus
- sin becomes OPPRESSION guilt becomes LIBERATION
- atonement as victory
- objections: if christ defeated opponents, aren't all defeated?
- Jesus won!
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Royal Office Today
- Jesus at the right hand
- He will return and judge all things
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Prophetic Office Background
- awaiting a prophet 'like Moses'
- Christ's mission: to announce the Kingdom come
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Prophetic Office Jesus
- sin becomes IGNORANCE grace becomes REVELATION
- atonement as moral influence/example
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Prophetic Office Today
- Jesus as the living word
- The Spirit acts now
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Did the Father suffer?
- Docetism: the son only appeared to suffer
- Modalism: the father suffered too
- orthodoxy: The son suffered, the father sympathized
- death is a creaturely quality and the Father is not a creature
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Cross: What God ISN'T like
- Eastern Orthodoxy
- Jesus' humanity but not divinity suffered
- God's strength strengthened WEAK humanity
- on the cross Jesus voluntarily refrains from using his divine attributes
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Cross: What God IS like
- Luther
- God is revealed in powerful weakness
- God weakness weakens strong humanity
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Good Friday Context
- Jesus is defeated: blasphemer, false prophet, criminal
- Father is implicated: absent, powerless, or bad
- Disciples are hopeless: nothing changed after all
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Easter Phenomena
- Empty Tomb: fear and confusion
- Resurrection appearances: joyful
- Teachings of the risen jesus: lead church to a new awareness of his significance
- Gift of Holy Spirit: gift from the father
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Easter Conclusiosn
- Jesus is alive
- Right all along
- Lord
- He won
- resurrection is NEW creation not just resuscitation
- ATLANTA
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Wackiness
- more common in secular world
- more common in elite and well educated theories
- wackiness isn't inherently bad but can lead to it
- groups are wackier than single entities
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Postmillenialism
A millennium comes and goes and then Jesus comes so that He can make a "soft" landing
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Spiritualism in Eschatology
- personal ideas about life after death trump resurrection or universal conclusions
- Hope as Gnosticism
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Amillennialism
- the millennium is right now
- augustine
- hope can yield to abstraction
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Premillennialism
- Jesus comes "hard landing" and He is the kickoff of the millennium
- Hope can yield to calculation and superstition
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Dispensationalism
apocalyptic passages are woven together in a precise timeline
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NT and Wackiness
Reading the Gospel and NT properly can center our "wacky" eschatological ideas around the story of Jesus
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Theodicy
the problem of God in an evil world
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Why Evil?
- If God is good and all powerful, why is His creation not always good?
- Atheism/Free will explain away evil
- Mystery can explain it to be that isn't satisfying
- Evil is just a form of goodness: not theologically sound
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Progression of Evil in the Church
- First Century Christians strongly believed the Messiah would deliver them from evil
- through Atlanta: we will suffer just like Jesus did
- Later Christians forget that salvation is the judgment of the world not an escape
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Participation in Judgment
- Baptism
- Church Life
- Mutual accountability
- Last Day
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Theologia Gloriae v. Crucis
glory of a superhero vs. the slain lamb's scars being His glory
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Alpha and Omega
- is Jesus the fundamental hinge of your life?
- Jesus becomes the beginning of the new and intended and the end of the old and frustrated
- Constitution analogy
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