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bradley.knox
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What nerve runs through the stylomastoid foramen?
Facial nerve (VII)
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What are the contents of the jugular foramen?
- IJV
- glossopharyngeal n.
- Vagus n.
- Accessory n.
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Where does the internal carotid artery enter the cranium?
carotid canal
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what nerves enter the internal acoustic meatus?
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Where do the three branches of the trigeminal nerve exit the cranium?
- Ophthalmic = superior orbital fissure
- Maxillary = foramen rotundum
- Mandibular = foramen ovale
: Standing Room Only
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Where does the optic nerve exit the cranium?
Optic canal
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What makes up the floor of the orbits?
- orbital part of maxilla
- zygomatic bone, palatine bone
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What makes up the roof of the orbit?
- Frontal bone
- Small wing sphenoid
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What makes up the medial orbits?
- maxilla
- lacrimal bone
- ethmoid
- body of sphenoid
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What makes up the lateral wall of the orbit?
- zygomatic bone
- great wing of sphenoid
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What are the three parts of the orbicularis oculi muscle and what innervates it?
- Orbital part (forcibly closes eyelid)
- Palpebral part (blinking)
- Lacrimal part (dilates lacrimal sac)
- All innervated by facial nerve VII
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What are the two parts of the lacrimal gland and what is the innervation?
- Orbital part
- Palpebral part
- Secretomotor = Facial nerve
- Sensory = Trigeminal nerve
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What is the origin of all rectus muscles of the eye?
Common tendinous ring
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Which extraocular muscle does not insert into the sclera?
- Levator palpebrae superioris
- Insertion: Superor tarus and upper lid
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What makes up the uveal tract?
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What are the main functions of the structures of the ear?
- Protect
- Conduct
- Transduce
- Amplify
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What are the functions of the external auditory meatus?
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Which has more sodium or potassium the perilymph or endolymph?
- perilymph = sodium
- Endolymph = Potassium
P's dont go together
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What part of the cochlea carries high and low frequencies respectively?
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What does the utricle detect?
linear acceleration and gravity in horizontal plane
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What does the saccule detect?
linear acceleration and gravity in vertical plane
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What contains the cupula of the semicircular canals?
Crista ampullaris
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What acts like the cupula in the utricle and saccule
Macula
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What is the etiology of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo BPPV?
Otoliths become dislodged from vestibule and circulate the semi-circular canals (Posterior is most common)
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What may vertical nystagmus indicate?
Stroke
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Supraorbital, supratrochlear, lacrima, infratrochlear, and external nasal are all branches of what cranial nerve?
Ophthalmic division of trigeminal
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Where do all fibers of the facial nerve pass out?
Internal auditory meatus
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What does the motor branch of the facial nerve pass through?
- Internal acoustic meatus
- stylomastoid foramen
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What are the motor divisions and branches of the facial nerve?
- Temporofacial division
- -Temporal branch
- -Zygomatic branch
- Cervicofacial division
- -Buccal branch
- -Marginal mandibular branch
- -Cervical branch
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What are the layers of the SCALP?
- Skin (hair follicles, sebaceous and sweat glands)
- Connective tissue (blood vessels and nerves)
- Aponeurotic (unites frontalis and occiptalis muscles)
- Loose connective tissue (subaponeurotic space can spread infection to intracranial sinuses)
- Pericranium (periosteum of skull)
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Frontal belly of occipitofrontalis
- Protracts scalp / raise eyebrows
- Temporal branch of Facial nerve
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Occipital belly of occipitofrontalis
- retracts scalp / assists in raising eyebrows
- posterior auricular nerve of CNVII
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Corrugator supercilii
- draws eyebrows down and medial
- temporal branch CN VII
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Procerus m.
- wrinkles skin between eyebrows
- Buccal branch CN VII
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Nasalis
- Transverse part - compresses nostrils
- Alar part - dilates nostrils
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Orbicularis oris
- closes or purses lips
- Buccal and marginal mandibular branch of CN VII
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What muscles elevate the lip and what is their innervation?
- Levator Labii superioris (also dilates nares)
- Levator Labii superioris alaeque nasi (also elevates ala of nose)
- Zygomaticus minor
- Zygomaticus major (up and back)
- All innervated by buccal branch CN VII
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Risorius m (joker muscle)
- Retracts angle of mouth
- Buccal branch
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Depressor labii inferioris
- depresses lower lip
- marginal mandibular branch
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Depressor anguli oris
- depresses angle of mouth
- marginal mandibular branch
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Mentalis m.
- Elevates and protrudes lower lip
- marginal mandibular b.
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Buccinator m.
- compresses cheek
- Buccal branch
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Platysma m.
- depresses mandible and angle of mouth
- Cervical branch of Facial nerve
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