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HLW
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how is M. hemolamae diagnosed and treated?
- PCR for carrier/subclinical and clinical
- Oxytetracycline long term
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How does stress lead to hypoP?
stress causes insulin resistance/hyperglycemia - excess glucose in urine - osmotic diuresis- pee out excess P
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What is TPR of cria?
- T: 100-102
- P: 70-110
- R:10-40
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how much milk does cria need for day? How often are they fed?
- 10-15% BW/day
- 5-7 feedings per day
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What is adequate IgG transfer?
>800mg/dl by 36 hours
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what is gold standard for measuring for FPT?
- zinc sulfate turbidity (radial immunodiffusion)
- -precise but takes 24 hours
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Sick crias are usually due to what? (think SHADES)
- Sepsis (FPT)
- Hypoglycemia
- Acidosis
- Dehydration
- Elyte abnormalities
- Suffocation
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which part of "SHADES" can Domperidone be used to treat?
hypoglycemia
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What is hyperosmolar syndrome?
complication of infectious disease - induces *hyperglycemia* - drives diuresis - dehydrated/NaCl concentrated - *hyperNa*
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what are some neurologic diseases to worry about w/crias?
- listeria
- polioencephalomalacia after abrupt feed change, amprolium, sulfur in water
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What type of blindness is associated w/PEM? will PLR be absent or intact? What is treatment?
- cortical blindness to intact PLR
- dorsomedial strabismus
- Tx: thiamine supplement (diazepam if seizuring)
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what is the meningeal worm that infects crias?
parelaphostrongylus tenuis from ingesting snails w/larva
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Early signs of meningeal worm include ataxia and weakness. What are later signs?
- ascending rear leg paresis or total recumbency
- alert and eating but recumbent, poss. seizure
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There is no definitive test for meningeal worm but what is suggestive finding in CSF fluid? Treatment?
- eosinophils in CSF suggestive
- Tx; Fenbendazle, Ivermectin, NSAIDs
- (tx not always effective)
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If suffering from heat stress and still in hot environment, what is the only mechanism the animal can use in attempt to cool off?
- evaporation (sweating/respiration)
- alpacas more tolerant to heat
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What is summer slump which contributes to heat stress?
ingestion of fescue infested with endophytes
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Llama kept in open field presents in August frothing at the mouth and you notice scrotal edema. He has hyperemic mucous membranes and is even acting neurologic. diagnosis and treatmet?
- heat stress
- shear his fiber; apply water to thermal window
- fluids, oxygen
- NSAIDs/steroids
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when is breeding age for camelids?
15-18 months (induced ovulators)
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95% of all pregnancies are in which horn?
- left
- (twins extremely rare)
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when during gestation does uterine torsion occur?
- 2 months before parturition
- roll or Csection to correct
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what type of placentation? How long after parturition is placenta passed?
- epitheliochorial
- pass w/in 1 hour (considered retained after 6)
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when are camelids castrated? why? what position for the procedure?
- 2 yrs
- growth plate delay
- standing
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What vaccines can be given in addition to clostridium C/D and tetanus?
- rabies, lepto
- equine herpes 1 (if in contact with equine/donkey)
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what are two drugs known to cause death in camelids?
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