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HLW
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when are weaned lambs ready for feed lot?
about 70-110 lbs
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what is disorder lambs can get after traveling?
transport tetany (from not eating...low Mg)
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what is involved in preconditioning for sheep?
- vx: C. perfringens C/D and tetanus
- deworm
- tx ectoparasites (lice and sheep keds)
- metaphylaxis Abs
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what is risk of switching over to full feed too quickly?
- rumen acidosis
- polioencephalomalacia
- overeating disease
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what is fed on arrival? how is it changed after 3-4 days?
- arrive: quality hay, up to 25% alfalfa
- later: 85% silage + 15% concentrate + coccidiostat
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By about 4 weeks, what should sheep be eating?
- up to 65-86% grain/concentrate
- (the rest is silage)
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how much wt are lambs expected to gain at feed lot?
0.5lb /gain /day
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what is risk of high concentrate diets?
- chronic laminitis
- rumen acidosis - liver abscesses
- chronic bloat
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what are causes of rectal prolapse?
- pneumonia
- tail docked too short
- coccidia
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How can you try to prevent uroliths?
- proper Ca:P ratio
- encourage water consumption
- long stemmed forage for chewing
- acidify urine w/ammonium chloride
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what is wool break?
response to stress, fever, or systemic illness - loose entire fleece
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what is club lamb fungus?
- ringworm
- trichophyton verrucosum
- -commonly dt frequent bathing, removes lanolin
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how is ringworm managed?
- ISOLATE! (transmissible)
- careful w/bleach; iodine stains wool
- athlete's foot meds = $$$
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when are lice a problem? how are they treated?
- winter when in close contact/contaminated bedding
- treat topically w/pyrethrin every two weeks until all eggs hatched/killed
- (oral ivermectin for blood suckers)
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which lice can cause anemia?
sucking lice - linognathus
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what are clinical signs of lice?
- intense pruritus
- wool loss; wt loss
- anemia (sucking lice)
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what is sheep ked? where on the animal is it found?
- melophagus ovinus
- blood sucking, skin irritation on neck, shoulders, ventral abdomen
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how are shed keds treated?
insecticide tx after shearing
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what is the only form of mange left in US sheep?
demodex
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where on the sheep is demodex found?
- nose, eyes, ear tips,
- coronary bands
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what does sheep with mange look like?
pustules and small abscesses w/secondary skin infection
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how is demodex treated?
weekly dipping w/O.5% *amitraz* + Abs
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why is goat behavior described as alleomimetic?
move together, some will venture/curious
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what are some reasons for castrating goats?
- eliminate buck flavor in milk
- prevent unwanted pregnancy
- limit odor from pet males
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Why are angora goats left intact?
- horns need testosterone to grow
- protect against predators w/ horns
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what age should horn buds best burned off by?
within first 14 days w/ lidocaine block
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what is max safe dose of lidocaine in small ruminants? what about cows?
- small ruminants: 7mg/kg
- cow: 10mg/kg
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is epinephrine added to the lidocaine for debudding?
no, vasoconstriction can lead to tissue sloughing
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where are lidcoaine injections placed in the goat?
- 1: btwn lateral canthus of eye and lateral horn base
- 2: middle of globe at edge of bony orbit
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why is dehorning adult goat not safe?
- requires GA
- can cause fractures/thin skull
- minimal skin available for closure
- must bandage until healed
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how much do goats weigh when enter feed lot? how much do they weigh when slaughtered?
- enter 30-50 lbs
- slaughter at 110-140 lbs
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how does feedlot ration for goats compare to that of sheep?
similar but goats get less grain/more forage
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what is transgenic goat milk?
contains some human genes so their milk has more lysozyme in it - antimicrobial properties....hopefully
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what are some dairy breeds of goat?
- saanen
- french alpine
- oberhasli
- nubian
- toggenburg (oldest/smallest)
- la mancha (minimal ear pinna)
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which goat breed has highest milk production?
saanen
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what are the fibers used from the goat?
- cashmere (undercoat of many breeds)
- mohair from angora breed
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what are some differences between cow and goat milk?
- goat has smaller milk globules, lacks agglutinin, naturally homogenized
- lower amount of alpha S1 casein
- (not truly hypoallergenic)
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Cows can be milked year round, but what season are goats milked? when is peak milk production?
- spring
- peak 4-6wks post kidding
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what is normal SCC in goat milk? what is predominant cell?
- higher bc aprocrine secretion
- 270,000- 200,000 (up to 1mill legally allowed)
- neutrophils (macrophage in cow)
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what is predominant cell in sheep milk? what is normal SCC?
- macrophage
- 750,000 (same as cow)
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