Soil & Minerals

What water do plants use?

Passage of water from high concentration through low concentration, thru semi permeable membrane

An acid base indicator?

What is acid rain & CO2 combined?

The direction of apercolation?

5 components of soil?

Is Acid or Base contain hydrogen?

Does Base or Acid contain hydroxide?

Ca = Calcium what two things on plant does it help?

Is Alkaline soil soluable?

What would cause lack of chylemmica cells not to develop and make stems droopy?

What can absorb moisture from own atmosphere and dissolve within own moisture?

what can you sprinkle on weeds to kill through plasmoloysis?

Is calcium carbonate Ca Co3 water soluable?

Calcium Sulfate - Ca++SO4 are gypsum and soluable?

Calcium Sulfate is used in making?

Can milk be used as calcium for soil?

If plants are droopy what can you add?

What iron is Fe0?

What iron is Fe++?

What iron is Fe+++?

What are the two iron ions found in plants?

Are ions available in and Acid env.?

Are ions available in a alkaline env.

water soaked soil is ?

Water on top soaked, with no airspace is?

aerobic soil has?

does chlorophyll contain iron?

Do you need iron to make chylorphil?

What color are a plants leaves if it has no iron present?

If plant has nitrogen difficency how can you tell...?

If plant has MG magnesium diffeincy add?

aerobic tank needs what kind of water?

anerobic plants need what type of iron?

what does acid salt do?

what does alkaline do...?

what do you add to soil that will not change PH and will develop roots and chylemcmia cells?

Is everything soluable in acid env?

does hot water contain gas?

anerobic/ferris ions...will you see rust?

with aerobic/oxygen env...will you see rust

ferris ion and hydroperoxide produces what colors?

types of organic matter?

Bird waste is best, contains uric acid...why good?

why is nitrogen important?

fresh cow manure is best?

what two thing create good crumb structure?

City people use what type of plants?

dog and cat waste are good on vegatables?

what peat moss is so acid, it's sterile at 4.5 ph...used to coagulate blood in war...holds air and water...1lb will hold 16lbs of water

dry pig blood has lots of ?

can't remove from clay..chemically bonded?

water that can't help plants?

water mocules that are chemically bonded with clay

plants use this water like a paper towel, organic matter

ash turns acid into?

percolation goes which direction

apercualtion goes which direction

too much alakaline creates what in plants?

passage of water from high concentration through low concentration, thru a semipermeable membrane?

is the PCW Cellouse completely permeable?

is the cell membrane semi permeable?

100% h20 on outside of plant wall creates when water enters faster than it leaves?

lignum makes plant do what?

ammonia nitrate does what for grass?

If there is no tugor pressure  and 50% h2o and 50% ammonia nitrate the h2o is removed by?

what causes plasmolysis?

reason you can not drink sea water?

what does hickory smoked do?

brown sugar and sodium nitrate makes ham what color?

sodium nitrate is what?

how is ham cured?

what happens if you add just regular table salt to ham...NaCL?

where do you find sodium borate?

why do plants die in death valley?

what are two types of gases in soil?

Granite type dust-white very porous and full of air?

sodium borate is?

aerobic respiration requires?

what is shot from guns and mined from volcanic eruptions?

bacteria in soil and organic matter make =

earth worms eat rock particles and create?

ammonia nitrate will?

nitrogen will make leaves?

lack of nitrogen in a a plant will cause?

with out MG...magniesium

Dolomite limestone consists of ?

calcium carobanate

Calcium carbonate reacts with?

when calcium caronate is saturated with water and co2 what happens?

When CO2 and rain water react with limestone...the acid reaction creates?

yellow leaf indicates lack of ?

peters 20/20/20 is best

ions are best at what ppm

potassium in soil can't hold?

bog plants can live in minerals?

pesticides help worm population?

worm castings enrich soil?

what does burning leaves release into air?

fish food, size of 5 human hairs, eat bacteria

ants aeroyate soil?

chipmonks burrow and bring sub soil to ?

ground hogs and praire dogs make?

moles build up?

cations are positive charges +?

anions are negative charges -?

ions consist of atoms and molecules?

cation exchange only happens in alkaline soil?

acid soil = great wealth?

acid soil is poverty?

is h2o by itself stable?

h2o is a super fast molecule?

H+ is what type of ion?

OH- ion is/has?

acids have more?

bases have more?

acids taste sour?

acids dissolve ...?

are all salts soluable in acid?

rain is always?

magnesium sulfate is soluable?

dolomite limestone is not soluable unless in

cracks in bedrock/sink hole was caused by

carbonic acid is weak, necessary for diet

Base has more OH- hydroxides than H+ hydrogens...

base have a bitter taste?

taste buds on tip of tongue can taste bitter

bases dissolves?

lipids and water =

lipids, water plus base =

base feels...

an acid sour is better for you?

alkaline can kill you?

oil holds dirt in place

you can have an acid base without water?

if you have a lot of molecules it's faster?

if you have a few ions things move slower...?

a lot of ions =

-----------> means

--> means

acids can be strong or weak

what acid kills germs on contact?

H+ is acid or base?

OH- is a base or acid?

sulfuric acid is battery acid and ok to place in metal container?

known as the Jeffrey dalmer acid?

high ph soap will not burn you if you have a ph of 11 or more.

Using sodium or potassium hydroxide will not take your skin off if use?

base + acid =

Plants do not need to make iron to produce chlorifyl?

rust is soluable?

any acid salt is soluable?

ferric chloride makes plants what and you only need a little?

borax soap removes what from clothes?

It's ok to drink alkaline water?

all bases have OH- group?

all acids have a H+ group?

A buffered salt requires?

phenal red is?

if phenal red turns yellow...it's a base...

baking soda takes heat out of water?

Ioidine salt keeps thyroid gland happy?

Kosher salt is buffered salt, no iodine...clear?

A buffered env is NOT important?

A strong base and a strong acid make a?

what does acid rain become when it hits ground?

All bedrock is buffering material?

all cations have a positive charge

Cation exchange does not create alkaline soil...

if the ph stayed the same, then the acid did not buffer the soil...?

Atoms dissolve in water?

each ph value above 4 indicates that the soil buffered increasing amounts of the acid.

even soil capable of buffering acids can be overpowered if enough acid is added

Carbonate has a negative two charges

Bicarbonate has negative one charge

Strong base conditions = more carbonate ions

Weak base solutions, bicarbonate ions will be more

Compounds with carbonate ions are not soluble in water at room temp?

Many bicarbonate saltes are soluble in wter at room temp?

Bicarbonate is not alkaline and is not vital to ph buffering system?

Alkaline is having a pH greater than 7 and has a relatively low concentration of hydrogen ions.

Bicarboate compounds are more stable in nature than carbonate compounds?

sodium bicarbonate is?

+ions =

anions =

acid base =

acid hydrogen + charge

Base hydroxide =

Acid or base mixed with salt will always have a positive + charge?

the longer the arrow the slower the action

Acid base =

baking soda can neutralize acid

copper sulfate is

bicarbonate came from

buffered salt =

any acid to water it will still remain alkaline

Lime stone protects act buffer from acid rain that has low ph4

smoke mixed with non metallic oxides + h2o makes?

Rain is always acid because of ?

alkaline water will kill bog plants

the white smoke from a flare is?

the flame from a flare is?

burning coal or pirate creating too much sulfer creates?

Nitric Acid was used by?

with out a + =

with a + =

Nitrogen is ?

Smoke stacks emit?

C)2 + H2o + heat =

blue flame which is hottest can?

N2 + O2 (orange flame) =

N2 + O2 (blue flame) =

nitrogen oxide from cars in atmosphere, when mixed with rain...creates?

Chlyifil is

burning leaves brown gas NOT

burn natural gas today instead of coal...

acid rain hitting limestone is neutralized

metallic oxide + h20=

ashes are good for soil...

fen praire grass is modified for living with?

alkaline soil is better than ?

strong acid & strong base =

acids & water break into?

only strong acids & bases produce a lot of ?

weaker acids and bases produce more?

ph of 0 =

ph 7 neutral

p14 =

OH =

strong acid + weak base =

strong acid + strong base =

weak acid + strong base =

weak acid + weak base =

The strong always wins...

buffers are weak acids mixed with?

acids begin with an

bases end in?

when a base and an acid are combined they form a

base and acids mixed will make a

photosynthesis/chylorfil bulk of plant is made up of

how many diff. kind of amino acids?

photosynthesis does?

amino acid is building blocks for?

h+3PO4=

N03 + po4 =

muscles work because of ?

the tallest dark green leaves are?

photosynsis sugar is first stop...food supply derived...then

cellulose and lignen are produced by

co2 makes things grow

the more co2 in air...the faster what occurs?

yellow = an

you can increase co2 into air by?

adm produces

co2 provides

increasing co2 will make plants grow faster

methanol/wood alcohol will make you go blind

Ethynol alchol is drinkable

non metallic in water =

metalic in water =

rocks on outside of plant are calcium bicarbonate

oligotrophic lake has limestone?

oliotrophic lake has algae, lots of fish and plants!

eutrophic lake has granite bedrock and no plants?

eutrophic lake has trout fish?

oligotrophic lake has carp and bluegill

after co2 in water is used up in eutrophic lake, plants will then feed off of calcium bicarbonate

difference between oligotrophic and eurtrohic lake are the levels of?

add more calcium bicarbonate CA++(Hco3)2 to water to produce more?

cold water holds more gas?

calcium carbonate is not soluable in water

limnology is the study of?

if you add acid to carbonate you get a ?

calcium bicarbonate is in

more limestone you add to water the more?

sulfer dioxide + h2o =

no more sulfer dioxide in air is causing

c Hopkins cafe mg

tufa rock in stream is derived from calcium bicarbonate to calcium carbonate, sedimentary form of calcium carbonate

calcium bicarbonate can travel and produce in warm shallow oceans?

carbonic acid is a weak acid?

carbonic acids form two kinds of salts?

volcano/sulfer dioxide produces

sulfer dioxide is a toxic gas, released by

plants can use phosphorous?

to stabilize phosphorus you must place in ?

phorsphurs once water evaporates can?

when phosphorus burn it creates PO4 ion...called phosphate?

every dna molecule must have?

phosphate is a component of ?

RNA make?

Cells make Dna/rna to make?

in water you will find diatoms, shells made of glass?

oil comes from?

diatom's nucleus is full of Dna and oil?

diatoms create and produce

diatoms live in alkaline water...

PO4 type A is phosphate =

PO4 B type is =

PO4 type C =

PO4 type D are =

nucleotides are

a small crustacean found in the sea and and nearly every fresh water habitat.

feed catfish sardines to create omega 3 to create healthy like marine fish...

copepod are cows of the sea...dna food (b)

fish (b) dna type

bones (c) type calcium phosphate

acid water breaks down

alkaline water does not break down

Nucleotides (d) are building blocks for dna molecules...soluable orgainic..fall leaves stinky smell

If ph of 8 or higher, will never breakdown

bacteria breakdown and make type a

fishbones on bottom make type c PO4..insoluable organic

fox river has 250ppm of PO4

1lb of PO4 for every

higher PO4 the better the

Red tide is caused by protozones in the water that give off waste material, causing fish arties to clog up and suffoecate fish?

if you step on fish bones from red tide can cause blood poisoning...

fish bones produce a lot of PO4...havest dust, when wet transforms into

triple super phosphate can be made soulable by adding phoforic acid?

phosphate bone meal has slow release and aborb through roots...acid rains dissolves slowly... and

triple super phostate...fast release...short term crop tomoatos

phosphate is important to make

potassium creates

potassium also helps develope

Old roots can NOT absorb?

potassium comes from?

potassium chyloride is soluable

high potattisum will kill fish...stop muscles from working...

potassium chylorid is not good

a source for potassium is potassium permanganate...bright purple in color

nitrogen is most common element in the air?

nitrate makes chylorfil

if not chlyorfil no photosynthesis

bacteria and roots of legumes =

nitrate acid is good for plants

dust bowl created

for crop rotation 1yr should plant?

plant what for 2nd year rotation?

plant what for 3rd year crop rotation?

4 yr crop rotation plant...

must have cows for crop rotation

roots of clover=bacteria with make

Plant legumes to make

Anhydrous ammoina

anhydrous ammonia is made by

if plant runs out of nitrogen

when springs comes excess nitrogen in soil, what happens?

ammonia nitrate make grass

ammonia nitrate is very soluable and cannot be removed from water?

can not have a cation exchange without clay?

buffer salt does NOT allow change?

acid plants can not live in alkaline water

plants can not use hydrogen ions (metallic)

alkaline clay soil holds minerals with perculation they stay

anything less than a 7 is acidic...

anything greater than a 7 is a base

if you hava and acid of ph3 and a base of ph9 both are weak and =

if you have an OH =

so in water naoh becomes...

in water koh becomes

when base goes into water...it separates into

acid has an H next to it and in water it comes apart and

strong acids = ions that don't go back together...

weak acids...ions tend to reform

nitrate is soulable in

if the plant is limp...what is missing and why

if plant is not flowering, why?

NPK=

examples of NPK...

nitrogen is important for

phosphorous important for

potassium important for

10/2/10 encourages

8/16/16 for rose/tomato ferziler

first add 20/20/20, then phosphate a couple of weeks later

super triple phosphate is not water soluable?

too much fertizler will cause playmolysis?

NH4NO3

ammonia nitrate, super triple phosphate and kcl...potassium chylordide need all summer long?

for tomatos use

lettuce use

sunflower and sweet potatoes use

add milk or dolomite limestone to add calcium

0-0-50 potassium, put on roots, not leaves...

NO3 =

NO2 =

Na+NO2 =

sulfer can't be used by plants

through SO4 plants absorb sulfate and get amino acids...

Plants need ALL kinds of ammino acids or will not survive

CaSO4...calcium sulfate = gypsum (acid base)
grainular form that you put on top when becomes wet...

bases disolve

acids dissolve

Molecules are distinguished from ions by their lack of electrical charge.

acid =

base =

Hydroxide is a diatomic anion with chemical formula OH−. It consists of an oxygen and a hydrogen atom held together by a covalent bond, and carries a negative electric charge. It is an important but usually minor constituent of water. It functions as a base, a ligand, a nucleophile and a catalyst. The hydroxide ion forms salts, some of which dissociate in aqueous solution, liberating solvated hydroxide ions

Hydrogen plays a particularly important role in acid-base chemistry with many reactions exchanging protons between soluble molecules. In ionic compounds, it can take a negative charge (an anion known as a hydride and written as H−), or as a positively charged species H+. The latter cation is written as though composed of a bare proton, but in reality, hydrogen cations in ionic compounds always occur as more complex species.

Ca = calcium, it's important for?

bedrock is not soluable

alkaline soil not soluable, need acid to make soluable

Ca++ = calcium chloride is

calcium chloride...if sprinkle on weeds will kill?

Me Magnisium definnicy add

In plants, magnesium is necessary for synthesis of chlorophyll and photosynthesis.

granite does not dissolve in water, it's an acid rock...

ferric iron is NOT soluable in water

fe+++ ferric hydroxide plummets to bottom of tank not making iron available to plants

east coast has acid water...do not use fish filter...plants will die to lack of iron?

white roots mean lack of

everything soluable in acid env.

peatmoss has not nutritional value?

CO2 + H2O ⇌ H2CO3 =

Carbonic acid is what forms when carbon dioxide dissolves in water. It is a weak acid but will over time, dissolve many rocks, especially carbonates such as limestone

hydro carbate is not stable in water,  outside plant absorbs and converts to calcium bicarbonate on inside...

10am co2 gone...plants use calcium bicarbonate rest of day

photosynis grow faster in water, true...not all oxygen used...makes more oxygen the plant can comsume

respiration consumes

sugar and oxygen in water stay in plant

calcium stays on plants

if no hole in plant holder...used distilled, otherwise too many minerals will apeculate back up into plant causing it to die...

edta is a chelating agent

EDTA, or ethylenediaminetetraacetate, (−O2CH2)

iron is not soluable unless have acid water

if we eat salad we all have edta in blood

edta is water soluable and chemically bonds with iron...make leaves green

Chelated iron...add to alkaline soil

edta keeps iron soluble in alkaline enviornment

if plants lack iron they have white leaves on top

i.e of chelated iron...feti-lome liquid iron...place on leaves roots...make green

chemically bonded together ++ charges

Mg++ Magniusium makes

with mg++ veins green/yellow leaf has deficinency

mg++ defincey is derived from acid salt, can fix by

in Mg++So4 magnesium sulfate...human body

Mn Manganes...have to chemically analyze to determine what defincy is ...or lack of iron...to fix

also to fix any magniesm difficency add Potassium permangate...purple solution

in city water no iron or calcium in water...no mg in water...add K+ perange

potassium makes

Epsom salt & k+permangate=

potassium makes green to make chylorfil and to provide new growth tissue