what can you sprinkle on weeds to kill through plasmoloysis?
calcium chloride dissolves 100%
Is calcium carbonate Ca Co3 water soluable?
NO
Calcium Sulfate - Ca++SO4 are gypsum and soluable?
yes...sulfate acids salts are soluable...
Calcium Sulfate is used in making?
casts and plaster paris
Can milk be used as calcium for soil?
yes, it has calcium and phosphate both
If plants are droopy what can you add?
potassium sulfate
What iron is Fe0?
metallic iron...bumper/nail
What iron is Fe++?
Ferrous...it's soulable in both acid and alkaline, colorless, stable in anaerobic environment, no air.
What iron is Fe+++?
Ferric...NOT soluable in alkaline env....aerorobic, rust color, plenty of oxygen
What are the two iron ions found in plants?
Fe++ & Fe+++
Are ions available in and Acid env.?
yes
Are ions available in a alkaline env.
no, unless anaerobic uses up oxygen and organic matter
water soaked soil is ?
anerobic, forcing air out of alkaline soil
Water on top soaked, with no airspace is?
Anerobic
aerobic soil has?
air space and crumb structure, hydrogen or metallic ions.
does chlorophyll contain iron?
no
Do you need iron to make chylorphil?
yes
What color are a plants leaves if it has no iron present?
the top leaves are white or yellow, while the bottom leaves are green.
If plant has nitrogen difficency how can you tell...?
top leaves are green and the bottom leaves are yellow or white.
If plant has MG magnesium diffeincy add?
Epson salts
aerobic tank needs what kind of water?
alkaline...ferric hydroxide...ferric iron
anerobic plants need what type of iron?
Ferris
what does acid salt do?
dissolves acids and salts...all salts dissolve in acid
what does alkaline do...?
fats/lipids/soaps
what do you add to soil that will not change PH and will develop roots and chylemcmia cells?
potassium sulfate
Is everything soluable in acid env?
yes
does hot water contain gas?
no
anerobic/ferris ions...will you see rust?
no
with aerobic/oxygen env...will you see rust
yes
ferris ion and hydroperoxide produces what colors?
gold to rust
types of organic matter?
bird, cow, mushroom, horse manure, peat moss, oak leaves, grass clippings, oak leaves, dry pig blood, hair clippings.
Bird waste is best, contains uric acid...why good?
rich in nitrogen
why is nitrogen important?
important for making chylorifill...
fresh cow manure is best?
false..contains too much ammonia, needs to be dried out.
what two thing create good crumb structure?
mixture of clay and organic matter, hold in moisture.
City people use what type of plants?
Pakasandra plants...root tone iba & naa to make iaa.
dog and cat waste are good on vegatables?
false, will get tape worms...!! creates cyst in body
what peat moss is so acid, it's sterile at 4.5 ph...used to coagulate blood in war...holds air and water...1lb will hold 16lbs of water
Sphagnum moss
dry pig blood has lots of ?
iron, protein, nitrogen
can't remove from clay..chemically bonded?
hydroscopic water
water that can't help plants?
run off water
water mocules that are chemically bonded with clay
gravitational water
plants use this water like a paper towel, organic matter
capillary water
ash turns acid into?
alkaline
percolation goes which direction
down
apercualtion goes which direction
up
too much alakaline creates what in plants?
high salt, plant dies.
passage of water from high concentration through low concentration, thru a semipermeable membrane?
osmosis
is the PCW Cellouse completely permeable?
yes
is the cell membrane semi permeable?
yes
100% h20 on outside of plant wall creates when water enters faster than it leaves?
tugor pressure
lignum makes plant do what?
stand up/erect
ammonia nitrate does what for grass?
makes it GREEN!
If there is no tugor pressure and 50% h2o and 50% ammonia nitrate the h2o is removed by?
playmoysis...reverse osmois
what causes plasmolysis?
too much salt in fertilizer opposed to water...the cytoplasm pulls away from cell wall due to loos of water thought osmosis the loosing tugor pressure.
reason you can not drink sea water?
creates plasmolysis and shorts circuits nerves in body due to lack of water.
what does hickory smoked do?
burns off formaldahide...keeps flys/maggots off ham
brown sugar and sodium nitrate makes ham what color?
pink
sodium nitrate is what?
meat preserving salts
how is ham cured?
through plasmolosysis
what happens if you add just regular table salt to ham...NaCL?
will turn ham brown.
where do you find sodium borate?
death valley, CA
why do plants die in death valley?
there is more apercolation than percolation...too many minerals, not enough water...not enough tugor pressure...plants die from plasmoloysis.
what are two types of gases in soil?
oxygen & CO2
Granite type dust-white very porous and full of air?
perlite...before sinks it floats...
sodium borate is?
detergent sand, removes oil from clothes
aerobic respiration requires?
oxygen and glucose and water to make atp = Energy
what is shot from guns and mined from volcanic eruptions?
perlite
bacteria in soil and organic matter make =
minerals which become fertilzer
earth worms eat rock particles and create?
worm castings/worm manure breakdown of organic matter
ammonia nitrate will?
plysmotize cells...
nitrogen will make leaves?
GREEN
lack of nitrogen in a a plant will cause?
make plant plasmatize
with out MG...magniesium
plant won't chemically bond together
Dolomite limestone consists of ?
50% Ca++Co3 calcium carbonate
50 MG Co3 magnesium carbonate
calcium carobanate
causes hard water
Calcium carbonate reacts with?
strongs acids releasing CO2
when calcium caronate is saturated with water and co2 what happens?
forms a soluable bicarbonate...also called calcium hydrogen carbonate...depends on ph
When CO2 and rain water react with limestone...the acid reaction creates?
the calcium carbonate to form a soluable calcium bicarbonate.
yellow leaf indicates lack of ?
chloryifill
peters 20/20/20 is best
1 tablespoon to 1 gallon of distilled h2o
ions are best at what ppm
700/800
potassium in soil can't hold?
MG...percolation shows definicency
bog plants can live in minerals?
false...need acid water or distilled.
pesticides help worm population?
false...they eat decomposed organic matter important to compost
worm castings enrich soil?
true
what does burning leaves release into air?
fomaldahide
fish food, size of 5 human hairs, eat bacteria
tubifix worms
ants aeroyate soil?
true...sub soil, rock particles
chipmonks burrow and bring sub soil to ?
surface?
ground hogs and praire dogs make?
top soil mix with sub soil w/buffalo chips
moles build up?
top soil
cations are positive charges +?
true
anions are negative charges -?
true
ions consist of atoms and molecules?
true
cation exchange only happens in alkaline soil?
true
acid soil = great wealth?
false...alkaline soil does!!!
acid soil is poverty?
true...but can change ph by adding limestone on top soil.
is h2o by itself stable?
yes
h2o is a super fast molecule?
false...slow
H+ is what type of ion?
hydrogen and is positive
OH- ion is/has?
hydroxide ion and negative
acids have more?
H+ than OH-
bases have more?
OH- than H+
acids taste sour?
true...NOT bitter
acids dissolve ...?
metals and salts!!!
are all salts soluable in acid?
yes!
rain is always?
acid
magnesium sulfate is soluable?
yes
dolomite limestone is not soluable unless in
acid
cracks in bedrock/sink hole was caused by
acid rain
carbonic acid is weak, necessary for diet
true
Base has more OH- hydroxides than H+ hydrogens...
true
base have a bitter taste?
true..like soap
taste buds on tip of tongue can taste bitter
false.
bases dissolves?
fat and oil = lipids
lipids and water =
zilch
lipids, water plus base =
soap...
base feels...
soapy/oil
an acid sour is better for you?
true
alkaline can kill you?
true
oil holds dirt in place
true..soap removes oil
you can have an acid base without water?
false...need water
if you have a lot of molecules it's faster?
false...slower...
if you have a few ions things move slower...?
false...faster....
a lot of ions =
slow
-----------> means
breaksdown quickly
--> means
breaksdown slowly
acids can be strong or weak
true
what acid kills germs on contact?
boric acid
H+ is acid or base?
acid and has ph under 7
OH- is a base or acid?
base and has ph over 7
sulfuric acid is battery acid and ok to place in metal container?
true...false...place in plastic container!!!
known as the Jeffrey dalmer acid?
nitric acid...dissolves bones
high ph soap will not burn you if you have a ph of 11 or more.
FALSE. good for hard water cleaning....but need to get off...like ammonia hydroxide.
Using sodium or potassium hydroxide will not take your skin off if use?
false will take skin off hands
base + acid =
acid salt
Plants do not need to make iron to produce chlorifyl?
false
rust is soluable?
false needs more acid
any acid salt is soluable?
true
ferric chloride makes plants what and you only need a little?
tufa rock in stream is derived from calcium bicarbonate to calcium carbonate, sedimentary form of calcium carbonate
t
calcium bicarbonate can travel and produce in warm shallow oceans?
T
carbonic acid is a weak acid?
true
carbonic acids form two kinds of salts?
carbonates and bicarbonates
volcano/sulfer dioxide produces
sulfuric acid rain
sulfer dioxide is a toxic gas, released by
volcanoes and cars emissions and cause acid rain.
plants can use phosphorous?
false
to stabilize phosphorus you must place in ?
water
phorsphurs once water evaporates can?
bust into flames...arsonists favor
when phosphorus burn it creates PO4 ion...called phosphate?
true...worth going to war over!!!
every dna molecule must have?
phosphate...can not have life without!
phosphate is a component of ?
dna, rna and atp... form cell membranes
RNA make?
amino acids...protein
Cells make Dna/rna to make?
protein...food!
in water you will find diatoms, shells made of glass?
true
oil comes from?
diatoms, NOT dinousars!
diatom's nucleus is full of Dna and oil?
true
diatoms create and produce
oxygen and are major group of algea, common photoplankton.
diatoms live in alkaline water...
true
PO4 type A is phosphate =
soluable organic
PO4 B type is =
insoluable organic (diatoms)
PO4 type C =
Insoluable organic (rock) does dissolve in sea water
PO4 type D are =
soluable organic (nuleotides) dead fish rots (biological molecules the form building blocks of nucleic acids (dna and rna) to carry packets of energy within cell
nucleotides are
(biological molecules the form building blocks of nucleic acids (dna and rna) to carry packets of energy within cell
a small crustacean found in the sea and and nearly every fresh water habitat.
copepod, contain omega 3 fish oil...keep arteries clean and keep fat out of system.
feed catfish sardines to create omega 3 to create healthy like marine fish...
true
copepod are cows of the sea...dna food (b)
see chart
fish (b) dna type
see chart
bones (c) type calcium phosphate
see chart
acid water breaks down
true
alkaline water does not break down
true
Nucleotides (d) are building blocks for dna molecules...soluable orgainic..fall leaves stinky smell
true
If ph of 8 or higher, will never breakdown
true
bacteria breakdown and make type a
see chart
fishbones on bottom make type c PO4..insoluable organic
see chart
fox river has 250ppm of PO4
true
1lb of PO4 for every
million pound so rock
higher PO4 the better the
crops
Red tide is caused by protozones in the water that give off waste material, causing fish arties to clog up and suffoecate fish?
true
if you step on fish bones from red tide can cause blood poisoning...
t
fish bones produce a lot of PO4...havest dust, when wet transforms into
phosphorus acid...causes pitting on car bumpers
triple super phosphate can be made soulable by adding phoforic acid?
t
phosphate bone meal has slow release and aborb through roots...acid rains dissolves slowly... and
root cap give off carbonic acid and PO4 dissolves...long term tulips.
triple super phostate...fast release...short term crop tomoatos
true
phosphate is important to make
flowers to create new cells!!!
potassium creates
new cell division
potassium also helps develope
root hairs to absorb water & minerals and collenchyma cells to make plants more rigid/stems stiff
Old roots can NOT absorb?
water
potassium comes from?
wood burning ashes
potassium chyloride is soluable
true
high potattisum will kill fish...stop muscles from working...
true
potassium chylorid is not good
true
a source for potassium is potassium permanganate...bright purple in color
true
nitrogen is most common element in the air?
true
nitrate makes chylorfil
true
if not chlyorfil no photosynthesis
true, no food
bacteria and roots of legumes =
nitrates NO3
nitrate acid is good for plants
false..will kill them
dust bowl created
crop rotation
for crop rotation 1yr should plant?
clover field legumes
plant what for 2nd year rotation?
corn...maximizes nitrogen back into soil
plant what for 3rd year crop rotation?
wheat, oat barely...short grain plants, require very little nitrogen...get from excess corn previous year
4 yr crop rotation plant...
replant clover again...now we plant alfalfa...
must have cows for crop rotation
true...must have cows urine to put nitrogen back into soil...
roots of clover=bacteria with make
nutrients and energy...cut frequently for meristamatic cells...
Plant legumes to make
Nitrate!!! clover/alfalpha is a legume
Anhydrous ammoina
compressed ammonia (ice rink) put in ground with corn endless supply of nitrogen...don't need cows since already in ground
anhydrous ammonia is made by
arab oil companies
if plant runs out of nitrogen
top of leaves turn bright green and bottom leaves turn yellow and fall off...as chylorfil moves up stem.
when springs comes excess nitrogen in soil, what happens?
it gets in well water and can cause intestinal cancer and birth defects. when use anhydrous ammoina have more than plants can use. same can happen if over fertilze lawn, since nitrogen is main ingredient in lawn fertilizer. percolation sucks nitrogen downwards into well
ammonia nitrate make grass
really green...NH4=NO-3
ammonia nitrate is very soluable and cannot be removed from water?
true...it can be removed by plants, but NOT chemicals
can not have a cation exchange without clay?
true
buffer salt does NOT allow change?
true...limestone is a buffered salt...buffer requires weak acid or base
acid plants can not live in alkaline water
true...can't have minerals because perculation would wash them down into soil...
plants can not use hydrogen ions (metallic)
true
alkaline clay soil holds minerals with perculation they stay
true
anything less than a 7 is acidic...
true
anything greater than a 7 is a base
true
if you hava and acid of ph3 and a base of ph9 both are weak and =
neutral
if you have an OH =
base and comes apart in water
so in water naoh becomes...
na+ and oh-
in water koh becomes
k+ and oh-
when base goes into water...it separates into
ions....you can tell an ion...has a + or - next to them.
acid has an H next to it and in water it comes apart and
ionizes...
strong acids = ions that don't go back together...
true
weak acids...ions tend to reform
true...
nitrate is soulable in
water
if the plant is limp...what is missing and why
lack of chylimia cells, potassium defincey
if plant is not flowering, why?
lack of phosphourus...makes pollen grain 2 nuclie inside every cell...smallest cell in plant.
NPK=
nitrogen, phosphous, k pottasium
examples of NPK...
peters 20/20/20...completely soulable...$$$$$ expensive. 12/12/12 or 7/7/7 is less expensive and for bigger gardens. like coffee grounds
nitrogen is important for
leaves
phosphorous important for
flowes
potassium important for
roots
10/2/10 encourages
leaves and root...discourages flowering...lawn fertilzer
8/16/16 for rose/tomato ferziler
rose super triple phospahte
first add 20/20/20, then phosphate a couple of weeks later
true
super triple phosphate is not water soluable?
true
too much fertizler will cause playmolysis?
true...use ion stick to determine amount
NH4NO3
ammonia nitrate
ammonia nitrate, super triple phosphate and kcl...potassium chylordide need all summer long?
true
for tomatos use
triple super nitrate
lettuce use
ammonia nitrate
sunflower and sweet potatoes use
potassium
add milk or dolomite limestone to add calcium
true
0-0-50 potassium, put on roots, not leaves...
true
NO3 =
nitrate = fertilzer
NO2 =
Nitrite = food preservation
Na+NO2 =
sodium nitrate...use on meats to preserve...brown sugar make ham pink...NACL make ham brown.
sulfer can't be used by plants
true
through SO4 plants absorb sulfate and get amino acids...
true
Plants need ALL kinds of ammino acids or will not survive
true
CaSO4...calcium sulfate = gypsum (acid base)
grainular form that you put on top when becomes wet...
becomes acid and dissolves self.
bases disolve
oil/fats/lipids/make soap
acids dissolve
metals and salts
Molecules are distinguished from ions by their lack of electrical charge.
true
acid =
hydrogen
base =
hydroxide
Hydroxide is a diatomic anion with chemical formula OH−. It consists of an oxygen and a hydrogen atom held together by a covalent bond, and carries a negative electric charge. It is an important but usually minor constituent of water. It functions as a base, a ligand, a nucleophile and a catalyst. The hydroxide ion forms salts, some of which dissociate in aqueous solution, liberating solvated hydroxide ions
true
Hydrogen plays a particularly important role in acid-base chemistry with many reactions exchanging protons between soluble molecules. In ionic compounds, it can take a negative charge (an anion known as a hydride and written as H−), or as a positively charged species H+. The latter cation is written as though composed of a bare proton, but in reality, hydrogen cations in ionic compounds always occur as more complex species.
true
Ca = calcium, it's important for?
apical meristem..w/o plant dies and the middle lamella...holds stuff together with calcium pectate...firm stem
bedrock is not soluable
true
alkaline soil not soluable, need acid to make soluable
true
Ca++ = calcium chloride is
salt and soluable...used in cement...absorbs moisture from own atmosphere...will dissolve in own moisture.
calcium chloride...if sprinkle on weeds will kill?
true...plymolysis...a table spoon will dissolve 100%
Me Magnisium definnicy add
Epsom salts magnesium sulfate
In plants, magnesium is necessary for synthesis of chlorophyll and photosynthesis.
true
granite does not dissolve in water, it's an acid rock...
true, but alabaster does...
ferric iron is NOT soluable in water
true
fe+++ ferric hydroxide plummets to bottom of tank not making iron available to plants
true
east coast has acid water...do not use fish filter...plants will die to lack of iron?
true
white roots mean lack of
iron
everything soluable in acid env.
true
peatmoss has not nutritional value?
true...just holds water
CO2 + H2O ⇌ H2CO3 =
carbonic acid
Carbonic acid is what forms when carbon dioxide dissolves in water. It is a weak acid but will over time, dissolve many rocks, especially carbonates such as limestone
true
hydro carbate is not stable in water, outside plant absorbs and converts to calcium bicarbonate on inside...
true
10am co2 gone...plants use calcium bicarbonate rest of day
true...lots of food...
photosynis grow faster in water, true...not all oxygen used...makes more oxygen the plant can comsume
true
respiration consumes
true...roots and leaves can use respiration
sugar and oxygen in water stay in plant
true
calcium stays on plants
true
if no hole in plant holder...used distilled, otherwise too many minerals will apeculate back up into plant causing it to die...
true
edta is a chelating agent
true
EDTA, or ethylenediaminetetraacetate, (−O2CH2)
t
iron is not soluable unless have acid water
true
if we eat salad we all have edta in blood
true
edta is water soluable and chemically bonds with iron...make leaves green
true
Chelated iron...add to alkaline soil
makes leaves and roots green
edta keeps iron soluble in alkaline enviornment
true
if plants lack iron they have white leaves on top
true
i.e of chelated iron...feti-lome liquid iron...place on leaves roots...make green
true
chemically bonded together ++ charges
true
Mg++ Magniusium makes
chlorifyl
with mg++ veins green/yellow leaf has deficinency
true
mg++ defincey is derived from acid salt, can fix by
adding dolomite limestone or Epson salt...soluable
in Mg++So4 magnesium sulfate...human body
floats
Mn Manganes...have to chemically analyze to determine what defincy is ...or lack of iron...to fix
just add peters 20/20/20
also to fix any magniesm difficency add Potassium permangate...purple solution
kills fungus, turns toes nails brown, cures sick fish...
in city water no iron or calcium in water...no mg in water...add K+ perange