Leukemia's

• Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL)
• Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
• Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)
• Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML)

• •Men are affected more than women
• •People with genetic disorders (ex Down syndrome) have a higher incidence of leukemia
• •environmental risk factors cigarette smoke Nd chemicals)
• •patients who have underwent treatment for cancer
• •the human T-Cell leukemia/lymphoma virus 1 a retrovirus us known to cause certain leukemia

They are classified by their acuity and by the predominant cell type.

The Acute leukemia's are characterized by their sudden onset, rapid cell progression, and immature/undifferentiated blast cells

The Chronic leukemia's are characterized by their gradual onset, prolonged course, and abnormal mature-appearing cells

• Lymphocytic leukemia's involve immature lymphocytes and their precursor cells in the bone marrow.
• Lymphocytic leukemia's infiltrate the SPLEEN, LYMPHNODES, CNS and other tissues

Myeloid leukemia's involve the myeloid stem cells in the bone marrow, interfering with the maturation of ALL types of blood cells including Granulocytes, RBC's, and Thrombocytes

• •Primarily affects children and young adults
• •Most common type of leukemia in children especially age 10 and ⬇
• •Leukemic cells may infiltrate the CNS
• •Malignant transformation of B cells
• •involves bone marrow, nodes, spleen and blood
• •Onset is rapid
• •WBC differential test will show ⬆ lymphocytes, ⬇ platelet, and ⬇ RBC's

• •Bleeding
• •Anemia
• •Bone pain
• •Lymphadenopathy 
• •Hepatomegaly
• •Infections/Fever

• Induction Chemotherapy and Consolidation Chemotherapy
• **Can go on for 1-3 years**

• •Is the LEAST common type of leukemia
• •Occurs more commonly in adults (more men than women between 60-70y/o)
• •Proliferation/accumulation of small, abnormal, mature B Lymphocytes in the bone marrow, peripheral blood, and body tissues
• •Can be diagnosed from a blood test
• •Can be in a mild form that they don't treat it they just watch it (years can lapse before treatment is necessary)
• •Slow onset
• •Related to NON-HODGKINS

• Weakness
• Anemia
• INFECTION
• ENLARGED LYMPHNODES
• Splenomegaly
• Hepatomegaly
• Bone marrow hyperplasia is present

• Chemotherapy
• bone marrow transplant 
• biologic therapies;interferons, interleukins

Uncontrolled proliferation of myeloblasts and hyperplasia of bone marrow and spleen

Common in oldest adults

May affect children and hound adults

Strongly associated with toxins, genetic disorders, and treatment from other cancers

Death results from infections/hemorrhage

acute onset and progresses rapidly

80% of acute leukemia's in adults are AML

• Bleeding
• Anemia
• Bone pain
• Lymphadenopathy
• Hepatomegaly
• spleenomegaly
• recurrent infections
• weakness
• fever
• ANEMIA (usually late sign not good prognosis)

• Chemotherapy 
• Stem Cell Transplant

• •Associated with the Philadelphia Chromosome
• •Primarily affects adults
• •Early course slow and stable
• •Progressing to aggressive phase in 3-4 years
• •Can be picked up at a check up (routine blood test)

Similar to AML

• Early signs: weakness, fatigue, dyspnea on exertion, poss splenomegaly, ⬇ appetite 
• Later signs: fever, weight loss, night sweats

• TKI (tyrosine kinase inhibitor) this has improved prognosis, more than 90% get remission.
• Stem Cell Transplant
• Chemotheraphy

Hodgkins

hodgkins

reed sternberg cells

hodgkins

B-cells and T cells

Chronic lymphocyte leukemia (CLL)

60-70 mostly men

TKI's (tyrosine kinase inhibitors)

acute lymphocytic leukemia

chronic leukemias (CML and CLL)

rapid production of cells (neoplastic cells)

Benzyne

low neutrophil count <1500

AML

AML and CML

CML involves white and red cells as well as platelets. AML involves white cells only

CML

A.L.L

A.L.L.

CML and AML

CML has increased plateles at the beginning then platelets decrease

• CML has Philadelphia chromosome
• CLL can lay dormant and doesnt always req treatment, best leukemia to have

Ann arbor staging system