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kyleannkelsey
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1 organ of the muscular system is defined as:
1 whole skeletal muscle
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Each muscle consists of what parts?
- Skeletal muscle tissue
- Connective tissue
- Nerve tissue
- Vascular tissue.
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Skeletal muscles vary considerably in what aspects?
- Size
- Shape
- Arrangement of fibers
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What is the stapedium?
Tiny muscle of the middle ear
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Define Atrophy:
Wasting or loss of muscle tissue resulting from disease or lack of use.
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Define Dystrophy:
Muscle wasting /weakness due to disease of muscle itself (nerves are intact and normal)
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What is Most atrophy is due to?
Lack of use
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What is most lack of use atrophy is caused by?
Sedentary jobs or decreased activity of the elderly
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How is lack of use atrophy reversed?
Vigorous exercise
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What are the Two types/causes of muscle atrophy?
- Nerve damage
- Muscle disease
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Name Diseases of the nerves causing atrophy:
- Poliomyelitis
- Guillain-Barre syndrome
- Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
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Name Diseases of the muscle that cause atrophy?
- Duchenne muscular distrophy
- Congenital or inflammatory muscle disease
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Neurogenic muscle atrophy is due to what?
- Deprivation of normal muscle innervation
- muscle develops atrophy
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Describe the clinical presentation of Neurogenic muscle atrophy :
localized or generalized muscle weakness, may involve respiratory muscles
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Histologically, what do Neurogenic muscle fibers look like?
Smaller than normal.
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Is there nerve damage associated with muscular dystrophy?
No, nerve supply is intact
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How do you get Muscular dystorphy?
Inherited
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Describe muscular dystrophy:
- Inherited disease that results in spontaneous progressive muscle degeneration
- NO NERVE LOSS
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What disease is inherited and results in spontaneous progressive muscle degeneration without nerve loss?
Muscular dystrophy
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What is the most common type of muscular dystrophy?
Duchenne muscular dystrophy
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How is Duchenne muscular dystrophy acquired?
X-linked recessive
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What is the etiology of Duchenne muscular dystrophy?
No Dystrophin (structural protein that imparts muscle strength/flexibility)
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What disease is marked by a lack of Dystrophin?
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
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What is the age of onset for Duchenne muscular dystrophy?
5 years
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When do most Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients die?
Around 20 years old
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Describe the clinical changes in Duchenne muscular dystrophy?
 - Starts with proximal limb muscle weakness
- Shoulder and pelvic girdle are involved
- Diff. waking/getting up from floor, climbing stairs
- Muscle atrophy develops
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What is distinct about the calf muscles in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy?
Pseudohypertrophy of the calf muscles due to fat deposition
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What disease is marked by Pseudohypertrophy of the calf muscle?
Duchenne muscular dystrophy
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What causes death in Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients?
Cardiac or respiratory failure
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A child that has difficulty walking, getting up from the floor and climbing stairs may have what disease?
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
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What sex is more prone to Duchenne muscular dystrophy?
Males because it is X linked
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