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PTG 105-Exam 4-Neural 2
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What is a mini stroke called?
Transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)
Occurs when blood supply is briefly interrupted
What are the manifestations of stroke?
sudden paralysis
Dysphagia/Aphasia
Confusion or loss of conciousness
How is stroke diagnosed?
MRI
CT
Angiography
What are the outcomes and their associated proportions for stroke?
1/3 die
1/3 live with serious defects
1/3 recover
What does stroke prognosis depend on?
Amount and site of brain involved
What are the symptoms of stroke?
Sudden numbness or weakness of the face, arms or legs
Sudden inability to see in one or both eyes
Sudden speech issues
Sudden trouble with balance
Sudden severe headache
Which is more common, arterial thrombosis or venous thrombosis of the brain?
Arterial (100:1)
What is the best treatment for stroke?
Prevention
What is the treatment for Ischemic strokes?
Tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA)
What would you treat with tissue plasminogen activator?
Ischemic stroke
What is the window of opportunity to treat a stroke?
3 hours
What can be done to treat dead brain tissue?
Little, basically just physical therapy
What is a TIA due to?
Atherosclerotic narrowing of the blood vessel
Small emboli that temporarily lodge
How long do TIA attacks last?
minutes to hours
What are symptoms of TIA?
visual disturbances
transient paresis
sensory loss
The blood deficit involved in a TIA usually resolves in what time period?
24 hours
What do TIAs indicate?
Future stroke
Serve as a warning for cerebrovascular accidents
Where is a subarachnoid hemorrhage located?
Beneath the arachnoid and above the pia mater
What is the most common type of brain hemorrhage?
Intracerebral hemorrhage
What percent of hemorrhages are subarachnoid, subdural or extradural?
30%
Describe a Saccular aneurysm or a subarachnoid hemorrhage?
Ruptured cerebral aneurysm that causes a stroke
What type of hemorrhage can be described as a ruptured cerebral aneurysm that causes a stroke?
Saccular aneurysm
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
What percent of the population has subarachnoid hemorrhage or saccular aneurysm?
1%
What is a predisposing condition for Saccular aneurysm and Subarachnoid hemorrhage?
Polycystic kidney disease
Can run in families
What are symptoms of Saccular aneurysm and Subarachnoid hemorrhage?
Sudden:
severe headache
nausea
vomiting
neck stiffness
body weakness in certain areas
dysphagia
coma
death
loss of consciousness
What is the death rate for Saccular Aneurysm and Subarachnoid hemorrhage?
50% within hours to days
How is Subarachnoid hemorrhage or Saccular aneurysm treated?
If caught on time, clip the bleeding vessels surgically
What is Epidural Hematoma?
Hemorrhage between the skull and the top layer of Dura
Due to middle meningeal artery damage
Secondary to skull fracture in temporal area
What type of brain hematoma is secondary to skull trauma in the temporal region?
Epidural Hemorrhage
What is the presentation of Epidural hematoma?
Lucid interval followed by progressive loss of consciousness
What characteristic is special to epidural hematoma?
Lucid period
Describe the "lucid period" associated with Epidural hematoma:
Loss of consciousness or confusion is followed by a temporary improvement in condition then regression
Lasts minutes to hours
How long does the lucid period of an epidural hematoma last?
minutes to hours
What are epidural hematomas caused by?
Tears in the arteries of the brain, usually the middle meningeal arteries
What is a subdural hematoma?
Bleeding between the dura and the arachnoid mater
Author
kyleannkelsey
ID
217768
Card Set
PTG 105-Exam 4-Neural 2
Description
PTG 105-Exam 4-Neural 2
Updated
5/5/2013, 5:49:10 AM
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