Communications

• sources
• receivers
• encoding
• decoding
• messages
• channel
• noise

anything that interferes with the communication process

medium in which the message circulates

reading meaning into other people's behavior by attributing situational causes

how information is managed in the mind, how it is organized to specify actions and how interactions with others shape thinking

visualize what we need/want and it will come

self-fulfilling prophecy

socioeconomic characteristics of a population expressed statistically

similar to Shannon-Weaver model, but response back and forth

one way communication

messages we produce have something to do with the type of person we are

we may possess traits that either facilitate or hinder message production

when inconsistent ideas are brought to our attention, we feel physiological stress and work to reduce the stress

how individuals in conversation start to mirror one another's behavior over time

social behavior is the result of an exhange process in which people weigh the potential benefits and risks of social relationships

if the risks outweigh the rewards, people will abandon the relationship

our knowledge of the world is derived from our interaction 

knowledge is socially produced

listeners can process information at a rate of 500 wpm, while speakers speak only 125 wpm 

listeners are prone to their mind wandering

a formula or rhyme used as an aid in remembering

deliberate process through which we seek to understand and retain information

automatically occurring process and requires no conscious effort

• rapid thought
• message overload
• cultural difference
• gender difference
• noise

one's own ethnicity at the center of importance

a set of moral standards or principles held by a society, group or individual

written and unwritten rules, norms and customs that reflect an organization's way of doing things

certain age category is inferior to another

the process of communicating values, beliefs, norms, customs, codes and rules

negative physiological symptoms during any perceived high-risk communicative situation

cultures alongside the dominant or parent culture

people vary in terms of how they think and behave based on what they believe and value

• The Golden Rule
• The Professional Ethic
• Immanuel Kant's Categorical Imperative
• The Utilitarian Rule
• The 60 Minutes Test

The Professional Ethic

Immanuel Kant's Categorical Imperative

The Utilitarian Rule

The 60 Minutes Test

one gender is superior to another

stable set of perceptions each of us hold about ourselves 

develops from interaction with others

the prevailing attitude one holds about one's self concept

mental mirror

how we see ourselves

the self we present to fit into a situation or environment

person we wish to be or a person who is self aware and trying to reconcile percieved self, presenting self, and ideal self into a real self

seeing ourselves through the eyes of others as well as in terms of our own images of an ideal self

selecting, organizing and interpreting environmental stimuli

people are classified according to their appearance

people are classified according to their mental abilities

people are classified according to the groups they belong

exaggerated generalizations based on a kernal of truth

• initating
• experimenting
• intensifying
• integrating
• bonding

• differentiating
• circumscribing
• stangating
• avoiding
• terminating

appropriate expression of real emotions

negative emotions that prevent us from relating effectively

willingness to share information, attitudes and feelings which give people insight into who we really are

negotiable self-concept, open to change, constantly evolving

nonnegotiable, choices made to reinforce existing image of themselves, close themselves to opportunity, stagnant, living in the past

consistently discloses and regulary seeks feedback

discloses excessively and rarely seeks feedback

rarely disclose and rarely seek feedback

rarely disclose, but consistently seek feedback

social and personal worth based on how we stack up against others

congitive framework that facilitates the categorization of data we receive about others

people classified according to social position

social behavior (rude, helpful, friendly)

description of behaviore, multiple interpretations of the behavior and a request for information that can help you interpret the behavior

when one pretends to listen

• psuedo listening
• monopolizing
• selective listening
• defensive listening
• ambushing
• literal listening

when one expresses emotion, but they do not actually decribe what one is feeling

defensive and supportive behaviors lead to negative or positive communication climates

acting in ways that bring about expectations or judgments of ourselves

structured, goal-oriented communication in either a large or small group (3-12 people)

small talk

conflict

norms are determined

obstacles are overcome and cohesiveness is achieved

• build rapport
• describe process toward fulfilling the purpose of interview
• reveal timetable for utilizing the results

follow a schedule of questions

closure and evalution of interview from each person's perspective

selection interview conducted to evaluate the match between an organization and a potential employee

• large groups:
• chain or line
• Y

• small groups:
• star
• wheel
• circle

interviewer speaks 30% of the time, while the interviewee speaks 70% of the time, answering questions

used to research a topic and to survey attitudes

• choose topic
• narrow topic
• research topic
• organize
• present

topical- 3-5 key areas with a running theme

spatial- relies on space, direction or locale

chronological - material arranged according to a sequence in time

add clarity and interest and can act as proof for a major point and helps audience remember your speech

determining whether a topic is suitable for your audience and adapting it, if it is not

tells the audience what to expect

cause-effect - certain events are a result of certain actions

problem-solution- highlights a problem and suggests several possible solutions

Monroe's motivated sequence - established unfulfilled need and then a means of satisfying it

comparative advantages - compares several options and explains why one is superior

two components: a review and memorable ending