Exam 4

What are the S&S of herpesvirus - HSV1 & HSV2?

HSV1 which produces most ___ ___ and HSV2 which produces most ___ ___ are ___ and ___.

HSV-1 and -2 are transmitted by what means?

Explain the life cycle of a cold sore

Cold sores caused by herpes generally clear up in ___-___ days w/o tx. 

When is possibility of transmission of HSV1 highest?

After the primary herpes infection, the virus enters ___ ___ & becomes ___ in nearby sensory ___.

Name some factors that can cause a reactivation of HSV1 virus.

How is HSV1 transmission limited or prevented?

A herpes infection of the eye is known as ___ ___, and can cause what eye inj's?

What is the primary route of transmission for genital herpes?

It is highly unlikely that a person could contract a herpes infection through contact with toilets or other objects used by an infected person.  Why?

What are common S&S of HSV2?

For many individuals infected by HSV2 becomes latent remaining in ___ ___  nr blisters.  S&S are often reactivated by ___ ___ & can reappear ___ - ___ times/yr.

People w/active herpes lesions are highly ___ & can pass the virus during ___ ___.

Although there is no cure cure for genital herpes, ___ drugs such as acyclovir can do what?

____ is caused by a brick-shaped, double stranded DNA virus of the ___ family.

Smallpox is transmitted via ___ ___.

The smallpox nucleocapsid is surrounded by a series of ___-___ ___ w/an ___.

What are the S&S of the earliest S&S of smallpox?

What is the incubation period for smallpox?

The early days of smallpox (days 1&2) are characterized by what S&S?

Day 3 of smallpox is characterized by what event?

Day 4 of the smallpox is characterized by raised bumps filling with ___, ___ fluid & have a ___ in the center.  ___ often occurs again until ___ form over the bumps.

During the pustular rash stage of smallpox, which lasts about ___ days, what happens?

During the pustules & scabs stage of smallpox which lasts ___ days, pustules begin to form a ___ and then ___.

Within 3 weeks after the smallpox rash appears scabs begin to fall off leaving what behind?

What are the 7 stages of smallpox?

During which stage of smallpox is the patient most contagious?

During what stages is a smallpox patient not contagious?

Monkeypox is a rare viral disease occuring mostly in ___ & ___ ___.

How is monkeypox transmitted?

What are the S&S of monkeypox?

Why are retroviruses particularly onerous?

Retroviruses use ___ ___ to transcribe their RNA to DNA

Generally, how do viruses cause cancer?

What are prions?

How do rhinoviruses and adenoviruses differ? 

Explain the "H" in influenza.

Explain the "N" in influenza virus strains.

What are some animal vectors we discovered?

What does TORCH stand for?

The acronym ___ has been coined to focus attn on diseases w/congenital significance & induced by microbial teratogens.

A ___ is an agent that interferes w/the normal development of a fetus.

What is meant by epidemic?

A ___ is an epidemic of infectious disease that has spread through human populations across a large region; ie multiple continents, or  worldwide.

___ refers to a disease that is constantly present in a specific region or area.

___ is a medical condition defined by the inflammation of the liver and characterized by the presence of inflammatory cells in the tissue of the organ.

___ is an RNA virus, usually spread by fecal-oral route; transmitted person-to-person by ingestion of contaminated food or water or through direct contact with an infectious person. 

What are S&S of Hepatitis A?

What is tx for Hepatitis A?

How can Hep A be prevented?

What are the 2 types of Hep A vaccine?

___ is an infectious inflammatory illness of the liver that affects hominoidea, including humans.

What are the S&S of Hep B virus?

How is Hep B transmitted?

____ refers to the destruction or lysis of cells.

Hep B has a ___ incubation period of ___ ___ to ___ ___ during which time it infects the ___ but is not cytolytic.

T or F; Hep B can be prevented by immunization with any of several hep B vaccines.
True False

Hep B vaccines consist of ___ produced by genetically engineered yeast cells.

Injections of interferon alpha-2b can be used to treat what infection?

Which hepatitis is an enveloped +ssRNA virus of the Flaviviridae family?

How is the Hep C virus transmitted?

What are 2 common complications of Hep C?

Name 2 major cofactors that accelerate incidence of chronic hepatitis C.

___ ___ & ___ are standard therapies for Hepatitis C. 

What vaccine is available for Hepatitis C?

What 2 viruses cause Hepatitis D?

HDV consists of a protein fragment called ___ ___and a segment of ___ & can only cause liver damage when ___ is present.

HDV requires an outside coat of what to infect cells?

One cannot become infected w/hepatitis D unless he or she os already infected w/___.

T or F; The vaccine for hepatitis B protects against hepatitis D virus because of the latter's dependence on the presence of hepatitis B virus for it to replicate .
True False

Which hepatitis is an opportunistic emergent disease caused by naked, +ssRNA virus of the Caliciviridae family.

What is the route of transmission of Hepatitis E?

What is the Tx of Hepatitis E?

Who are particularly susceptible to Hepatitis E?

What are the S&S of Hepatitis E?

Which virus is a -ssRNA virion of the Rhabdoviridae family w/only 5 genes in its genome?

What does the rabies virus look like?

A majority of rabies cases come fr which 2 animals?

How is rabies transmitted?

What are the S&S of a rabies infection?

What are treatments for rabies virus?

Which virus is part of the Picornaviridae family and composed of naked-icosahedron shaped capsid containing a +ssRNA genome.

How does the polio virus enter the body?

What are the S&S of polio?

When polio passes through the blood stream and into the meninges it causes ___ & if it affects the medulla of the brain it is called ___ polio.

What are the 3 types of polio?

What are the names, what they are made of and routes of the 2 polio vaccines?

Both polio vaccines are said to be trivalent.  What does this mean?

What was the one major drawback to the Sabin vaccine?

Since there is no cure for polio, what is the focus of care?

Who did work with yellow fever?

Patients w/___ fever often report intense muscle and joint pain, sensations like their bones are breaking; thus the disease has been called ___ ___.

S&S of ebola/marburg hemorrhagic fevers include what?

What is the vector of hemorrhagic fever?

What is caused by the rhinovirus?

Why could smallpox be utilized for bioterrorism.

Which viruses cause cancer and what cancer do they cause?