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Adamantanes (amantadine & rimantadine) [influenza A]
M2 channel inhibitor, causes failure of virus uncoating
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Neuraminidase inhibitors (oseltamivir & zanamivir) [influenza A & B tx+prophylaxis]
bind sialic acid, inhibit cleavage, by neuraminidase, preventing release of newly formed viruses
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ganciclovir & valgancyclovir [CMV]
competitive inhibitor of dGTP, intereferes with DNA polymerase, chain terminator
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foscarnet [CMV, HSV, VZV]
blocks pyrophosphate binding site on DNA polymerase, prevents cleavage of pyrophosphate
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cidofovir [CMV, HSV, VZV last option]
active DP form inhibits deoxycytidine TP and acts as sub for DNA polymerase, slows chain elongation
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acyclovir & valacyclovir [HSV, VZV]
active TP form competes with deoxyguanosine TP for DNA polymerase, chain termination (lacks 3' hydroxyl)
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famciclovir [HSV, VZV]
active TP form competes for viral DNA polymerase, but NOT a chain terminator! stays in cells long time
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docosanol [topical HSV]
inhibits viral fusion to host cell membrane, prevents entry
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trifluridine [ophthalmic HSV]
MP form inhibits thymidine synthetase; TP form inhibits viral DNA polymerase
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NRTIs (zidovudine, stavudine, lamivudine, emtricitabine, abacavir, didanosine, tenofovir) [HIV]
compete with nucleoside TPs for reverse transcriptase active site, HIV binding blocked, RT cannot happen, chain termination
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NNRTIs (efavirenz, nevirapine, delaviridine, etravirine, rilpivirine) [HIV-1 only]
allosteric, noncompetitive, reversible inhibitors of reverse transcriptase, cause conformational change, block RT
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enfuvirtide [HIV]
peptide sequence that blocks gp41 binding, prevents fusion/cell entry
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maraviroc [HIV]
CCR5 coreceptor antagonist that blocks binding of viral envelop protein to CCR5
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elvitrgravir & raltegravir [HIV]
inhibit catalytic activity of HIV-1integrase, prevents insertion of HIV DNA into host cell genome
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interferons [HCV]
activate ribonucleases, augment NK cell activity
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ribavirin [HCV]
active TP form increases viral mutation frequency, affects host immune response
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NS3-4A inhibitors (boceprevir & telaprevir) [HCV]
forms covalent bond b/w drug and protease active site, inhibits cleavage of HCV polyprotein into functional proteins
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