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kyleannkelsey
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What is the action during the HBV lifecycle?
- Enters the cell as DNA
- Produces RNA in the nucleus
- Turns RNA to DNA (reverse transcription)
- Packages DNA into viral capsids
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What is the disease action of HBV?
Multiplies in the liver and continually seed the blood with virions
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How many virions are found in the blood of HBV infected patients?
10^7 virions/mL of blood
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How much blood does it take to infect someone with HBV?
Minute amounts because there are so many virions in the blood
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What groups have a particularly high incidence of HBV?
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Can HBV become Chronic?
Yes
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What doe HBV increase the risk of?
Liver cancer = hepatocellular carcinoma
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What are the clinical features of HBV?
- Rash
- Enlarged liver
- abdominal pain
- Arthritis
- Low white blood cell count
- Fever
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A person that presents with a rash on the chest, arthritis, an enlarged liver, abdominal pain, Low WBC count and a fever, likely has what disease?
HBV infection
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How is HBV transmitted?
- Through a break in the skin or mucus membrane
- injection into Blood
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What happens to most patients infected with HBV?
- few overt symptoms
- Eventually develop HBV immunity
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What HBV symtpoms are considered severe?
- Fever
- jaundice
- rash
- arthritis
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What HBV symptoms are normal and not severe?
- malaise
- fever
- chills
- anorexia
- abdominal discomfort
- diarrhea
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What percent of HBV infected individuals develop acute liver failue?
<1%
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What proportion of HBV infected individuals develop necrosis or cirrhosis?
Small number
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What is used to diagnose HBV?
- examination of risk factors
- Serological tests = radioimmunoassay and ELISA
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HBV screening id necessary for what?
- Blood transfusion
- Semen at sperm banks
- organs for transplant
- routine prenatal testing
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What are chronic HBV infections treated with?
Interferon alpha or pegylated interferon
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What are mild cases of HBV treated with?
Symptom support only
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What is the treatment for people that may have been exposed to HBV, including neonates born to infected mothers?
Immunoprophylaxis with Anti-HB immunoglobulin
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What is the primary form of prevention for HBV?
vaccination for high risk individuals and newborns
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What are nucleoside analogs that are used to treat HBV?
- Lamivudine
- abacavir
- tenofovir
- Telbivudine
- Entecavir
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What is entecavir?
Deoxyguanosine analog used in HBV treatments
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What is Telbivudine?
Thymidine analog used to treat HBV
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What is Lamivudine, abacavir and tenofovir?
- HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitors
- Nucleoside analog
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What type of virus is the Adenovirus?
- Non-enveloped
- Double-stranded DNA
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What body areas are infected by adenovirus?
- Lymphoid tissue
- respiratory tissue
- intestinal epithelia
- Conjunctiva
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What diseases does Adenovirus cause?
- Colds
- pharyngitis
- conjunctivits
- keratoconjunctivits
- acute hemorrhagic cystitis
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What virus group causes colds, pharyngitis, conjunctivitis, keratoconjunctivitis and acute hemorrhagic cystitis?
Adenovirus
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