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Where are Fungi found in nature?
Ubiquitous
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Are most fungi detrimental or beneficial?
Beneficial
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What are examples of the usefulness of fungi?
- Degrade organic debris
- Breads/cheese
- Beer/wine
- Pharmacological agents
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What other group of organisms do Fungi have the most in common with?
Animals
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What characteristics do fungi share with animals?
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What type of cells do fungi have?
Eukaryotic
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What type of metabolism do Fungi have?
Heterotrophic
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Define fungus:
- A heterotrophic, eukaryotic organism that does not contain chlorophyll
- Obtains food by absorption
- Reproduces via spores
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What is the primary carbohydrate storage molecule of fungi?
Glycogen
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Describe the morphology of a fungus:
Thalus composed of hyphae that elongate from the tip
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Describe the diversity of fungi:
Second most diverse group (second to insects)
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When did fungi first appear on earth?
- ~1 billion years ago
- Before vascular plants and animals
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What percent of plant diseases are fungi?
70%
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How many species of fungi exist?
- 80,000 currently
- 1,700 new per year
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Do fungi have locomotion structures?
No
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What do fungi have in their cell membranes?
Sterols
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Do fungi have adherence structures?
Few
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How many species of fungi are associated with human diseases?
300 species
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What are normal flora fungi?
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Where are pathogenic fungi found?
In the environment
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Do fungi have cell walls?
Yes
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What are the cell walls of fungi made of?
Chitin
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What is Chitin?
The cell wall component of Fungi made of a NAG polymers
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Do fungi have capsules?
Sometimes
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What are capsules for fungi made of?
- Polysaccharide (mannans and glucans)
- Complexed with proteins
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What are the two classifications of Fungi?
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What is the shape of a yeast cell?
Round or oval/Single celled
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What is the shape of a mold cell?
Filamentous/multicellular
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How do molds reproduce?
Sexually and asexually via spores
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What is a mass of mold filiments called?
Mycelium
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Wht is a mycelium?
A mass of mold filiments
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What is a dimorphic fungi?
One that can exist as a mold or a yeast
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What temperature do dimorphic fungi grow at in hyphae form?
25 degrees C
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What temperature do dimorphic fungi grow at in yeasts form?
37 degrees C
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What examples of dimorphic fungi were given in class?
- Blastomyces
- Coccidiodes
- Histoplasma
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What type of fungi are Blastomyces, Coccidomyces and Histoplasma?
Dimorphic yeast
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What are the four methods of reproduction for fungi?
- Fission
- Budding
- Fragmentation
- Spore formation
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What is the method reproduction for molds?
Spore formation
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What is the main method of reproduction for yeasts?
Budding
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What is fragmentation?
A method of reproduction for a hypha, where the hyphae breaks apart
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Is pathogenicity of fungi a necessity for maintenance?
No, pathogenicity is not needed for most fungi
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