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Name the Topographic findings of a PVD.
- Smooth,
- open funnel with or without disc or fundus insertion;
- inserts at ora or ciliary body.
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Quantitative findings of PVD
Variable spike height; <100% high at ora superiorly
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Kinetic (aftermovement) findings of PVD
Marked to moderate
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Name the Topographic findings of a RD
- Smooth or folded,
- open or closed funnel with disc insertion;
- may have associated cysts;
- inserts at ora
-
Quantitative findings of RD
Steeply rising 100% high spike, including at ora superiorly
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Kinetic (aftermovement) findings of RD
Moderate to None
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Name the Topographic findings of CD
- Smooth,
- dome or flat:
- no disc insertion;
- inserts at ora or ciliary body
-
Quantitative findings of CD
- Steeply rising,
- thick,
- double-peaked 100% high spike
-
Kinetic (aftermovement) findings of CD
Mild to none
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Lesions Simulating Retinal Detachment
- PVD with attachment to optic nerve
- Vitreous hemorrhage with layered blood seen inferiorly
- Posterior hyphema
- Bridging vitreous membrane (e.g., diabetic retinopathy)
- Vitreoschisis
- Premacular hemorrhage (e.g., Terson's syndrome)
- Peripheral vitreous skirt following vitrectomy
- Vitreous track from penetrating injury
- Vitreous incarceration secondary to penetrating injury
- Blood in Cloquet's canal
- Persistant hyaloid vessels in PHPV
- 360 degree peripheral choroidal detachments
- Resolving choroidal detachments
- Kissing choroidal detachments
- Solid choroidal mass with subretinal hemorrhage
- Retinoschisis
- Scleral buckle with silicone band
- Detachment of retinal pigment epithelium
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When do Retinal Detachments simulate other Lesions?
- Atrophic RD
- T-shaped RD in phakic or pseudophakic eyes
- Tightly closed funnel-shaped RD with dense subretinal opacities
- Peripheral annular RD after vitrectomy and panretinal photocoagulation
- Giant retinal tear
- Avulsion of retina from optic nerve
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Name Macular Lesions
- Macular edema
- Age-related macular degeneration (AMD)
- RPE detachment
- Macular hole
- RD of macula
- Hypotony maculopathy
- Premacular hemorrhage
- Staphyloma involving the macula
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What are some causes of Choroidal (Ciliochoroidal) Detachment?
- Idiopathic - Uveal effusion syndrome; Nanophthalmos
- Inflammatory - Uveitis (infectious or noninfectious); Scleritis
- Hypotony
- Intraocular surgery
- Trauma
- Intraocular tumor
- Arteriovenous fistula
- Renal disease
- Toxic reactions to systemic medications
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What causes THICKENING of the Sclera?
- Hyperopia
- Choroidal folds
- Nanophthalmos
- Uvea effusion syndrome
- Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION)
- Scleritis
- Hypotony
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What causes THINNING of the Sclera?
- Myopia
- Staphyloma
- Necrotizing scleritis
- Plaque radiotherapy
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Name some specific Disorders of the Sclera.
- Scleral rupture
- Scleral infolding
- Scleral calcification
- Scleral tumor
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