anatomy lecture 1

the major tissue of glands and it also covers the inside and outside of hollow organs

Very dense group. Function is to provide support, protect, bind, fill spaces, store fat and produce blood cells

used to bind skin to the body

made of cells specialized for storing drops of oil in their cytoplasm. used for cushion, insulation and energy storage.

very tough and flexible tissue made of closely packed fibers made of collagen and found in tendons and ligaments

very rigid and flexible, it can provide the framework for the skeleton

almost no blood vessels, heals slowly and found in joints between bones

very strong and flexible cartilage with many elastic yellow fibers to allow for more movement, it is found in the ear and larynx, epiglottis and tip of the nose

contains many tough, rigid, white collagen fibers and found in areas that are subject to great pressure; such as the intervertrebral disc

the hardest substance in the body with space around the cells filled with minerals. used for support, protection, and the production of blood cells

contains different types of cells suspended in a fluid matrix called plasma

groups of contractile cells used primarily for movement of the body and within the body

contains multiple nuclei, has striations and is a voluntary type of muscle tissue

has only one nucleus per cell, no striations, and is involuntary

has only one nucleus per cell, has striations, is involuntary, and also has intercalated discs.

the basic cell is called the neuron and is designed to transmit electrical nerve impulses throughout the body. They are found in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves that run throughout the body. does not regenerate.

made of epithelial tissue with an underlying connective tissue

simple squamous tissue that secretes a watery substance for lubrication

lines the walls of body cavities

covers organs in body cavities

made of only connective tissue, found in joints and bursal sacs and produce a fluid called synovial fluid used as a lubricant in joints

membranes that cover the abdominal cavity and organs

the epidermis and structures rising from it including hair, nails, oil and sweat glands

the dermis layer is derived from the ______

made of stratified squamous epithelial cells, contains no blood vessels

the bottom layer of stem cells that divide by mitosis to produce new epidermal which move upward toward the surface of the skin and contains melanocytes which produce melanin and keratinocytes that produce the protein keratin used to add strength to the epidermis

larger, more mature cells that contain many keratinocytes and melanocytes

dark band of flattened keratinocytes that die becoming keratin fibers

dead cells covered in the trough protein keratin that is translucent and found on the hands and feet

the outer layer of dead flattened cells. keratin is now present acting as a water resistant agent to prevent excess water loss

the tough part of the skin made mostly of connective tissue. It does have blood vessels, nerves and lymphatic vessels

thin layer below the epidermis containing loos connective tissue, capillaries and sensory neurons

layer of dense irregular connective tissue containing interwoven collagen fibers for strength as well as hair follicles, blood vessels, nerves, sweat and sebaceous glands

it attaches the skin to underlying muscle and bone. it also contains fat cells deep and deep sensory receptors

responsible for the production of the pigment melanin. production of melanin increases with excess exposure to the sun. serves to protect the nucleus of the cell from UV radiation

fat-soluble proteins that cause yellow and orange coloration mostly in dehydrated corneum

part of the blood that gives our skin a pink color

inside layer of hair or pilli

middle layer of hair or pilli

outside layer of the hair or pilli

a small muscle in the skin attached to the hair follicle causing hairs to stand up when contracted

fetal hair

hair that grows continuously

hair that grows to a certain length and then stops

allows us to grip better and also serves as a protection mechanism

half moon shape of the nail

cuticle of the nail

skin under free edge of the nail

found in dermis, but is of ectodermal origin. secretes an oily substance called sebum. most of the sebum empties into a hair follicle where it makes its way to the surface of the skin. it lubricates the surface of the skin and inhibits the growth of bacteria.

sweat glands. located in the dermis and sometimes the subcutaneous layer of the skin.

sweat glands that keep the body cool and found all over the body

sweat glands that produce pheromones at puberty and are found in the arm pits.

secretes cerumen (ear wax) and serves to keep the tympanic membrane from drying out and also acts as an insect repellent.

often associated with bones and is non-vascular and contains chondrycytes

specialized cells that make up the cartilage in cavities of bone called lacunae

small hollow spaces in the bone matrix where osteocytes can be found. cartilage in cavities of the bone

a membrane that surrounds most cartilage except in joints. it serves to protect the cartilage and it is vascular so it is a source of blood for the cartilage.

type of hyaline cartilage that is found at the ends of bones (epiphysis) where they come into contact with another moving bone

type of hyaline cartilage that is found at the tips of the ribs where it meets the sternum and is responsible for the flexibility in breathing

type of hyaline cartilage that is replaced by bone and is mostly found in infants and the growth plates of young children

type of hyaline cartilage that is found in the trachea, nose, and bronchi

type of fibrocartilage that is found in joints where extra strength is needed such as the sternoclavicular and the knee

type of fibrocartilage that is found in joints where there is only a slight amount of movement such as the intervertebral discs

type of fibrocartilage that is found in joints where there is circular motion such as the hip joint

type of fibrocartilage that is found in bony grooves where tendons pass such as the wrist

80 bones. made of the skull, spine, ribs and sternum

126 bones. includes the upper extremities, shoulder, lower extremities and pelvic girdle

strong, fibrous membrane covering the outer surface of a bone everywhere except at joint surfaces

cells that produce the bone

cells that dissolve and breakdown existing bone

hollow space inside the diaphysis that contains yellow bone marrow

shaft. middle part of long bone made of compact bone with hollow tubes down the middle

ends of the bone made of spongy bone that contains red bone marrow

thin membrane that lines the medullary cavity

cylindrical-shaped structure in compact bone that is the structural unit of the bone

circular layers of calcified matrix in the osteon

small tubes that radiate out from the haversain canal and carries nutrients to the osteocytes of the osteon

type of bone formation where the bone is formed directly on or within a fibrous membrane. there is no precursor of cartilage. examples of this type are the flat bones of the skull and lower jaw

type of bone formation that preceded in embryo by a replica of hyaline cartilage. cartilage bones are long, short , and irregular shaped bones that make up most of the skeleton. the formation of bones from cartilage begins at the center of the diaphysis and later at each epiphysis

break in bone but doesn't go all the way through

a fracture that goes straight across

fracture that has little cracks radiating out from point of impact

a fracture that does not puncture the skin

a fracture that breaks the skin

a result of an accident

a break in the bone caused by a diseased bone

type of bone that have an epiphysis and diaphysis (femur, humerus)

phalanges are an example of what type of bone

bones of the skull and jaw

carpal and tarsal bones

pieces of bone located within a suture

found inside a tendon such as the patella

the study of joints

completely immovable joints

a cartilaginous joint connected by a thin layer of hyaline cartilage found at the end of long bones until they fuse after puberty. also called a growth plate

slightly movable joints

freely movable joints

free moving joints. each has a joint cavity. they have articular cartilage. the cavity contains a fluid secreted by a membrane used to lubricate and nourish the cartilage.

fluid filled sacs that are located in areas of the body where muscles or tendons glide over bones. the sac serves to protect the muscles and tendon